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genetics vocab

topics 4 and 10

QuestionAnswer
Allele One member of a pair (or any of the series) of genes occupying a specific spot on a chromosome (called locus) that controls the same trait.
Gene The fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity
Locus The location of a gene (or of a significant sequence) on a chromosome
Dominant Allele An organism that expresses the dominant gene (or allele).
Recessive allele (genetics) Of, or pertaining to, a gene (or allele) whose phenotypic expression is masked by a dominant gene (or allele).
Diploid A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set from the father. In a diploid state the haploid number is doubled, thus, this condition is also known as 2n.
Haploid (2) A cell or an organism having half of the number of chromosomes in somatic cells.
Autosomes Any chromosome not considered as a sex chromosome, or is not involved in sex determination. It occurs in pairs in somatic cells and singly in sex cells (gametes).
Genotype A set of alleles that determines the expression of a particular characteristic or trait (phenotype).
Phenotype The physical appearance or biochemical characteristic of an organism as a result of the interaction of its genotype and the environment
Sex linked trait A trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex chromosome
homologous chromosomes one of a pair of chromosomes
sex chromosomes A type of chromosome in the genome that is involved in the determination of the sex as well as the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. It occurs in pairs in somatic cells while singly in sex cells (gametes).
Genome (1) The complete set of genes in an organism. (2) The total genetic content in one set of chromosomes.
Created by: collindaily
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