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Unit 5
Earth and Environmental
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Volcanic Gases | water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur |
| Volcanic Particles | pyroclastic material: lava, ash, dust, and rock fragments |
| Composite Volcano/Stratovolcano | large, nearly symmetrical structure composed of layers of both lava and pyroclastic deposits most dangerous explosive eruptions |
| Shield Volcano | broad, slightly domed produced by the accumulation of lava flow i.e. Hawaiin Islands |
| Cinder Cone Volcano | small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent. Determined by a steep-sided slope |
| Vent | the opening from which lava erupts |
| Faulting | main cause of earthquakes crack in the plate |
| Tsunami | seismic sea waves -triggered by an earthquake occurring where a slab of the ocean floor is displaced vertically along a fault |
| Richter Scale | measures the magnitude of an earthquake |
| Surface/L waves | seismic waves that travel along Earth's outer layer -move up, down, and side to side -most destructive -last to arrive at the seismograph |
| Seismograph | instrument that records earthquake waves |
| Secondary (S) waves | -shakes waves at right angles in dir of travel - transverse waves - only travel through solids -slower than P but faster than L |
| Primary (P) waves | -push & pull in direction wave travels -compression waves -travel through all matter -fastest |
| Focus | point w/in Earth where earthquake starts |
| Epicenter | location on the surface of Earth directly above the focus |
| Rift Valley | spot where sea floor spreading occurs |
| Slab Pull | occurs at subduction zones; old, denser crust gets pulled under new crust |
| Ridge Push | occurs when hot magma rises to surface & hardens & pushes old crust out |
| Convergent Boundaries | found at trenches "destructive boundaries" |
| Transform Boundaries | plates grind sideways past each other "conservative" |
| Convection Currents | cause plate movement |
| Plate Tectonics Theory | gives an idea of what Earth looked like through history & how it changed |
| Divergent Boundaries | found at mid-ocean ridges "constructive boundaries" |
| Trench | v-shaped valleys that are deepest parts of the oceans |
| Subduction | old ocean floor plunges into Earth's interior |
| Mid-ocean ridge | underwater mountains at center of ocean floor |
| Continental Drift Theory | Earth was pace a giant landscape (Pangaea) that split apart into continents |
Created by:
_xokayleighxo_
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