Mechanical Weathering

he type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.

The process which breaks down rocks through chemical changes.

A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes forming rust.

Characteristic of a material that is full of tiny, connected air spaces that water can seep through.

The loose, weathered material on Earth’s Surface where plants can grow.

The solid layer of rock beneath the soil.

Dark-colored organic material in soil.

The layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above and below it.

Rich, fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand and silt.

Mixture of humus, clay and other materials that forms the crumbly, top most layer of soil.

The layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other minerals.

The loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface soil.

Soil organism that breaks down the remains of organisms and digests them.

The management of soil to prevent its destruction.

Plowing fields along the curve of a slope to prevent soil loss.

Soil conservation method in which the dead stalks from the previous year’s crops are left in the ground to hold the soil in place. (

The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain a soil’s fertility.

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Weathering and Soil

Vocabulary words from the Changing Surfaces Unit

Term	Definition
Weathering	The chemical and physical process that break down rocks and Earth’s surface.
Erosion	The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil.
Mechanical Weathering	he type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
Abrasion	The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.
Chemical Weathering	The process which breaks down rocks through chemical changes.
Oxidation	A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes forming rust.
Permeable	Characteristic of a material that is full of tiny, connected air spaces that water can seep through.
Soil	The loose, weathered material on Earth’s Surface where plants can grow.
Bedrock	The solid layer of rock beneath the soil.
Humus	Dark-colored organic material in soil.
Soil Horizon	The layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above and below it.
Loam	Rich, fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand and silt.
Topsoil	Mixture of humus, clay and other materials that forms the crumbly, top most layer of soil.
Subsoil	The layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other minerals.
Litter	The loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface soil.
Decomposer	Soil organism that breaks down the remains of organisms and digests them.
Soil Conservation	The management of soil to prevent its destruction.
Contour Plowing	Plowing fields along the curve of a slope to prevent soil loss.
Conservation Plowing	Soil conservation method in which the dead stalks from the previous year’s crops are left in the ground to hold the soil in place. (
Crop Rotation	The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain a soil’s fertility.

Created by: BarbraTA

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