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Microbiology Test 3
Bug Parade
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the gram positive cocci organisms | streptococcus enterococcus staphylococcus |
| what are the general aspects of streptococcus? | gram positive, plemomorphic cocci that grows in chains facultative anaerobes that are catalase negative |
| what are alpha hemolytic streptococcus? | partial blood cell lysis, not full |
| what are beta hemolytic streptococcus? | complete lysis of red blood cells, clear ring around them |
| what are gamma hemolytic streptococcus? | no hemolysis |
| what group does S. pyogenes belong to? | group A strep beta hemolytic |
| what are the group characteristics of S. pyogenes? | M, F and G proteins with capsule bacitracin sensitive |
| what types of diseases does group A strep cause? | suppurative diseases: pussy lesions or immune response non suppurative diseases: not due to an active infection |
| what are the suppurative diseases? | pharyngitis, scarlet fever, streptococcal toxic shock, cellulitis, fasciitis, puerperal fever |
| what are the non suppurative diseases? | rheumatic fever glomerulonephritis |
| what are the group A virulence factors? | capsule: non immunogenic, M and F proteins, exotoxins, streptolysins O and S, streptokinase, C5a peptidase, hyaluronifase, DNase |
| what does M protein do? | antiphagocytic |
| what does F protein do? | binds epithelial cells |
| what type of diseases do group A infections cause? | respiratory infections through droplets skin infections: contamination of abrasion, direct contact o shared fomites |
| how do respiratory infections get inside the body? | organisms inhaled, binds epithelium via F produces M protein inhibits phagocytosis and complements streptolysin damages epithelial tissue colonization occurs |
| what is the clinical presentation of strep throat? | pharyngitis develops 2 to 4 days after exposure sore throat, fever, malaise, headache |
| what is the clinical presentation of scarlet fever? | extension of strep throat infecting strains has a lysogenic phage encoding a pyrogenic exotoxin exotoxin is spread through circulatory system diffuse rash over the body and fever strawberry tongue |
| what is erysipelas? | infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues requires immediate antibiotic therapy |
| what is acute glomerulonephritis? | occurs 10 days following infection involves deposition of antigen antibody complexes edema, hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria |
| what is rheumatic fever? | inflammatory response to streptococcal antigens fever, carditis, polyarthritis no diagnostic test chronic, progressive heart damage prophylaxis prevents reoccurrence |
| how does diagnosis of group A strep occur? | bacitracin sensitive, rapid strep test, serologic test |
| how is group A streptococcus treated? | penicillin |
| what are the characteristics of S. agalactiae? | group B strep, beta hemolytic, capsule: antibody against capsule is protective |
| what are the diseases of group B strep? | puerperal sepsis neonatal infections osteomyelitis |
| what are the virulence factors of group B strep? | DNase, hyaluronidase, neuraminidase, proteases, hemolysins |
| how does group B infect hosts? | capsule inhibits complement, neonates do not have specific antibodies so growth occurs |
| what is the clinical presentation of group B strep? | colonize GI and UT of women infection of infant at delivery premature delivery, prolonged membrane rupture |
| how is group B strep diagnosed? | isolation of organism by CAMP test or Latex bead agglutination |
| how is group B strep treated? | penicillin and aminoglycoside |
| how is group B strep disease prevented? | screening of pregnant women |
| what is S. pneumoniae? | gram positive diplococcus, not typable because alpha hemolytic, encapsulated, fastidious or picky about medium, fastidious |
| what are the virulence factors? | capsule causes antiphagocytic, IgA protease, neuraminidase, pneumolysin |
| what does pneumolysin do? | lysis epithelial cells, inhibits oxidative bursts |
| what are the diseases of S. pneumoniae? | pneumonia, bacteremia, otitis media (ear infections), meningitis |
| how does S. pneumoniae cause infection? | inhalation of organisms, capsule inhibits phagocytosis, pneumolysin lyses pulmonary endothelial cells, allows spread into the bloodstream and growth in alveoli, influx of inflammatory factors, inhibition of lung function |
| what are the clinic presentations of S. pneumoniae? | chills, high fever, rusty sputum, rapid onset |
| how is S. pneumoniae identified? | ptichin sensitivity, sputum smear, chest X-ray |
| how is S. pneumoniae treated? | penicillin |
| how is S. pneumonaie prevented? | vaccine, trying to catch broad spectrum |
| what is group C streptococci? | associated with animals, may display all types of hemolysis 20-30% of non specific pharyngitis |
| what is group D streptococci? | generally enterococci, non hemolytic, ferment esculin |
| what are enterococcus? | part of old group D, gram positive cocci, catalase negative, non hemolytic, antibiotic resistant, bowl organisms |
| what are pathogenic species in enterococcus? | E. faecalis, E. faecium |
| what are the diseases of enterococcus? | UTI, implants, soft tissue infections |
| what are the epidemiology of enterococcus? | contaminants, opportunists, nosocomial infections |
| what are general features of staphylococcus? | gram positive, cocci in irregular clusters, facultative anaerobe, catalase positive, grows well in limited nutritive media |
| what are the staphylococcal species? | S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus |
| what are the general features of staphylococcus aureus? | coagulase positive grows in the presence of high salt, grows well on skin |
| what are the diseases caused by staphylococcus aureus? | causes numerous skin lesions causes food poisoning |
| where is S. aureus found? | carriage in anterior nares infection caused by breach in skin defense intoxication improper handling of food |
| what are the virulence factors of S. aureus? | hylauronifase, coagulase (prothrombin activator), protein A, protease, super antigens |
| what are the toxins that S. aureus has? | exfoliative toxin, toxic shock syndrome (tampons), entertoxins, hemolysin (alpha toxins) leukocidin |
| how does S. aureus cause disease in skin? | evasion of the immune system, spread within the tissue, potential systemic spread of toxins, hyper activation of the immune system |
| how does S. aureus cause disease in food poisoning? | stimulation of neural centers- induces vomiting |
| what are the clinic symptoms of S. aureus in skin infections? | purulent lesions (pussy), peeling skin, systemic shock |
| what are the clinic symptoms of S. aureus in food poisoning? | vomiting 2-4 hours after ingestion |
| what are the stap aureus diseases? | impetigo, skin (pore) infections, soft tissue infections, osteomylitis, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome, entrocolitis |
| how do you treat stap aureus skin infections? | antibiotic therapy, most strains are resistant to penicillin, use vancomycin infrequently |
| how do you treat stap aureus in food poisoning? | time |
| what is stap epidermidis? | normal human skin flora, generally non pathogenic, can contaminate implants by biofilm on surface, coagulase negative |
| what is staph saprophyticus? | normal non pathogenic environmental organism, causes 10-20% of UTIs in young women, coagulase negative |
Created by:
Chobchi
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