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Science ch.7

Darwin, fossils

TermDefinition
species a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.
fossil the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past.
adaptation a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
scientific theory a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations.
natural selection individuals that are better adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species.
variation a difference between individuals of the same species.
comparative anatomy the comparison of the structures of different organisms.
homologous structures similar structures that a related species have inherited from a common ancestor.
mold a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism.
cast a solid copy of a shape of an organism
petrified fossil fossils in which materials replace all or part of an organism.
trace fossil provides evidence of the activities of ancient organisms.
paleontologist scientists who studies fossils.
gradualism proposes that evolution occurs slowly but steadily.
punctuated equilibria accounts for the gaps in the fossil record.
habitat the specific environment that provides the things the organism needs to live grow and reproduce.
extinct if no members of that species are still alive.
classification is the process of grouping things based on their similarities.
taxonomy a scientific study of how living things are classified.
binomial nomenclature the system for naming organisms in which each organism is given a unique two part scientific name.
genus a classification grouping that contains similar closely related organisms.
prokaryote organisms whose cells lack a nucleus.
eukaryote organisms with cells that contain nuclei.
branching tree diagram shows portable evolutionary relationships among organisms.
shared derived characteristic a characteristic usually homozygous structure shared by all organisms in a group.
evolution the gradual change in a species over time.
Created by: Marenm
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