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Bio II Exam iV

Osmoregulation and Excretion

QuestionAnswer
What is osmoregulation? The conservation of internal solute concentrations.
How is osmoregulation? Desiccation and dilution
What is removed through excretion? Ammonia
What is the osmolarity of blood? 300 mosm / L
What is the osmolarity of sea water? 1000 mosm / L
What is an osmoconformer? They have the same osmolarity as the environment and live in stable salt water.
What is an osmoregulator? They can control their internal osmolarity. These often live in terrestrial or freshwater areas and spend energy doing so.
What is a cost of osmoregulation? Exposure
Many marine animals are what? Osmoconformers that must regulate their composition
How do marine osmoregulators regulate their internal environment? They drink salt water and excrete salt ions, gills have sodium and chloride pumps,and kidneys retain water and excrete salt ions.
Describe osmolarity of freshwater organisms There is too much water entering, there is a lower internal osmolarity than the external environment, they excrete dilute urine, they uptake salts in the gills, certain fish can swap strategies.
What is anhydrobiosis? When an organism uses sugar structures to preserve its structure when little or no water is present (tardigrades).
How do land animals moderate water? Desiccation, waxy cuticles, skin, exoskeleton, nocturnal behavior, and water absorption
Where does most of water loss come from? Gas exchange, urine / feces, and skin
How do land animals gain water? Drinking, food, and the formation of metabolic water.
What is transport epithelium? Epithelium that keeps interstitial fluid osmotically correct through modifying blood concentration (ie fish gills, active transport)
Created by: MichaelaMH
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