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Bones
Anatomy of the bones
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Diaphysis | shaft bone made of compact bone has yellow bone marrow |
| Epiphysis | end bone mostly spongy bone |
| Articular Cartilage | hyaline cartilage forming of the synovial joints |
| yellow bone marrow | medullary cavity lined with vascular membrane (endosteum) stores fat |
| Red bone marrow | produce all types blood cells spongy bone |
| Periosteum | end of long bone layer of fibrous connective tissue |
| Ligaments | fibrous connective tissue that joins bone to bone at joints |
| Compact bone | called osteons has central canal and has blood vessels |
| Spongy bone | plates with spaces filled with bone marrow |
| Cartilage | flexible connective tissue categorized of matrix fibers |
| hyaline cartilage | end of long bones, nose, ends of ribs, larynx and trachea(fine collagen fibers) |
| fibrocartilage | disk between vertebrae in the knee(strong Collagen fibers) stronger than hyaline |
| Elastic Cartilage | ear flap and epiglottis;more flexible than hyaline more elastic fibers |
| Osteoblasts | bone forming cells |
| Osteocytes | mature bone maintain bone structure from osteoblast |
| Osteoclasts | bone absorbing cells |
| Chondroytes | cartilage forming cells |
| ossification | formation of bone |
| Intramembanous | development between sheets of fibrous connective tissue in flat bones |
| Endochondrial | cartilage replaced by bone uses most bone |
| Epiphyseal plate | cartilage band growth plate allowing bones to lengthen |
| Growth hormone GH | stimulates general bone growth and epiphyseal plate |
| Sex hormones | increase growth during adolescence |
| Vitamin D | converted hormone to allow calcium absorption in intestines |
| bone remodeling and its role | bone renewal up to a rate of 18% per yr, respond to stress, regulates calcium through hormones |
| Parathyroid hormone | increases blood calcium by accelerating bone recycling |
| Calcitonin | decreases blood calcium |
| Osteoporosis | weakened bones & decreased bone mass, around age 40, lead to fractures and other complications, treated with drugs hormones, and lifestyle change. |
| Hematoma | (6-8hrs) blood clot between bones |
| Fibrocartilaginous callus | (3wks)Cartilaginous callus form between broken bones |
| Bony callus | (3-4mths) cartilaginous callus turned to bone |
| Remolding old bones | tissue replaced by new bone |
| Skeletal System divided in two groups: | Axial and Appendicular |
| skull | made of cranium nd facial bones |
| Hyoid bone | only bone that does not articulate with another bone |
| Sphenoid bone | a keystone bone because all other bones articulate with it |
| Vertebral column | vertebrae and intervertebral disk Rib cage-ribs and sternum |
| the skull | the cranium |
| Cranium characteristics | protects the brain,composed of bones, some contain sinuses, and bones of the face and hyoid bone |
| vertebral column | 33 vertebrae, atlas is the 1st cervical vert. and axis is the 2nd cervical vert. |
| cervical | 7 |
| thorocic | 12 |
| lumbar | 5 |
| sacrum | 5 fused |
| coccyx | 4 fused into tailbone intervertebral disk will have fibrocartilage between vertebrae |
| ribs | protect heart and lungs |
| Flattening bone | originating from the thoracic vertebrae |
| appendicular skeleton located in | pectoral girdle and upper limb and pelvic girdle nd lower limb |
| pectoral girdle | scapula and clavicle, upper limb, and arm nd hand bone (opposable thumb) |
| pelvic girdle | coxal bone(ilum, pubis, and ischium), lower limb, and leg and foot bones |
| Fibrous | usually immovable such as sutures between cranial bones |
| Cartilaginous | slightly movable intervertebral disk |
| Synovial | freely movable such as ball and socket hip nd shoulder joints and the knee |
| Meniscus | c shaped hyaline cartilage that lie between the bones |
| Bursae | fluid filled sacs reduce friction in joints |
| Facial Bones | Mandible and Maxillae, Zygomatic bones, Nasal bones, Hyoid the only bone that does not articulate with another bone |
Created by:
msmimi
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