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Evolution (Bio I)

vocabulary used to understand evolution

gene flow When individuals move from one population to another and reproduce. It increases genetic variation for the receiving population and decreases genetic variation from the sending population.
genetic drift Random events that cause a decrease in genetic variation in a population.
mutation any change in the DNA of an organisms. When the DNA changes in a gamete the change will be inherited increasing the variation in the population.
natural selection when variations in a population allow some individuals in the population to survive and reproduce more frequently that others.
nonrandom mating when the likelihood of mating is not equal among all individuals. Sometimes referred to as sexual selection.
variation differences among individuals in a population.
homologous structures structures that are the same or similar with different functions. Ex. bat wing and whale fin.
embryology the study of early development in organisms
fossils specimens preserved in sedimentary rock layers
molecular homology DNA or amino acid sequence similarities between species
stabilizing selection when the mean or average phenotype is favored, causing a decline in the extreme phenotypes.
directional selection when one extreme phenotype is favored over the other causing a shift in the average toward the favored phenotype.
disruptive selection when the average phenotype is selected against and declines.
recombination when genes are shuffled because of crossing over in prophase I of meiosis.
punctuated equilibrium when the fossil record supports the idea that there are short bursts of large change in a population
gradualism when the fossil record supports the idea that there are long periods of slow change in a population.
theory of endosymbiosis theory that explains the evolution of complex eukaryotes. A protoeukaryote engulfed photosynthetic bacteria and/or bacteria that could do aerobic respiration. These were beneficial to the cell and became the organelles: chloroplasts and mitochondria
vestigial structure a structure that no longer performs it original function. Ex. appendix, back legbone in whale
differential reproductive success the ability of some individuals to survive and reproduce more frequently than others; therefore passing their genes to the next generation.
population all of the same species organisms in a given location that interbreed. This is the level that evolution works on, NOT ON INDIVIDUALS.
Created by: rkasner
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