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Ch.19 Heart
Ch. 19 Heart Test Review (Anatomy)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If deprived of ___ for just a few minutes, necrosis of the cardiac muscle will occur. | Oxygen |
| More than 50% of the heart's weigh is ___ | Cardiac Muscle |
| The heart rhythm is controlled or regulated by an area of nerve tissue located in the upper right atria and is called the ___ | Pacemaker |
| There are a total of __ chambers in the heart. | 4 |
| There are ___ valves in the heart. | 4 |
| The left ventricle works ___ times harder than the right ventricle, as it must supply the force to transport blood throughout the entire body. | Six |
| Supplies the vessels of the heart | Coronary circulation |
| __ are large blood vessels carrying blood from the heart to the body. | Arteries |
| Connect valve cusps to papillary muscles on the floor of the ventricle | Chordae tendinae |
| Encircles the heart near the base and separates the atria above from the ventricles below | Coronary sulcus |
| Fibrous flaps that compose the valves... | Cusps |
| Large, lower chambers of the heart | Ventricles |
| Small, upper chambers of the heart | Atria |
| Thickest layer of the heart consisting of cardiac muscles | Myocardium |
| Framework of collagenous and elastic fibers | Fibrous skeleton |
| Lines the interior of the heart chambers | Endocardium |
| Serous membrane of the external heart surface | Epicardium |
| Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior ___ | Venae Cavae |
| Contraction of the left ventricle forces the __ valve open | Aortic |
| Blood in left atrium flows through the ___ valve into the left ventricle | Bicuspid |
| The ___ empties deoxygenated blood from the heart (as a muscle) into the right atrium. | Coronary sinus |
| When the right ventricle contracts, blood flows through the ___ to the trunk which will disperse the blood to both the R and L lung | Pulmonary valve |
| When the left ventricle contracts it forces blood through the aortic valve into the ___ which disperses it to the rest of the systemic circuit. | Ascending aorta |
| Any abnormal cardiac rhythm | Arrhythmia |
| Occurs when ventricular contractions occur singly or in bursts as a result of early firing of an ectopic focus | Premature ventricular contraction |
| ___ is an emergency procedure in which the heart is given a strong, electrical shock with electrodes to correct ventricular fibrillation | Defibrillation |
| Firing of the ___ excites atrial cardiocytes and stimulates the two atria to contract almost simultaneously. | Sinoatrial node |
| The tendinous cords run from the AV valves to the ___ and prevent the cusps from folding backwards during ventricular contraction | Papillary muscles |
| Contraction of the heart | Systole |
| Relaxation of the heart | Diastole |
| An enlarged R wave, present on the EKG display, may indicate... | Ventricular hypertrophy |
| If the P wave on an EKG reading may indicate... | Atrial hypertrophy |
| An enlarged Q wave on an EKG report may indicate... | Myocardial infarction |
| Record of the amplified electrical signals within the heart... | Electrocardiogram |
| Drugs that increase the heart rate have a ___ effect | Positive chronotropic |
| Cardiac muscle does not exhibit tetanus because it has a long ___ which prevents contractions from occurring on top of one another. | Absolute refractory period |
| The coronary blood vessels are part of the ___ circuit. | Systemic |
| A heart rate of 45 bpm (low) and an absence of P waves on the EKG suggests damage to the ___ | Pacemaker |
| The atria contract during the ___ segment of the EKG | PQ |
| Route by which blood leaves an organ | Venous drainage |
| A high ___ level and low blood pH stimulate an increase in heart rate | Blood carbon dioxide |
| The blood contained in a ventricle during isovolumetric relaxation is the ___ volume | End-systolic |
| The ___ nerves reduce the heart rate but have little effect on the strength of ventricular contraction | Vagus |
| Ventricular cardiocytes have a stable ___ but the myocytes of the SA node do not. | Stable resting potential |
| Study of the heart and treatment of its disorders | Cardiology |
| Consists of the heart and the blood vessels | Cardiovascular system |
| Carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and back to the heart | Pulmonary circuit |
| Carries blood from the heart to the body | Systemic circuit |
| Hear is enclosed within the __ which has two layers. | Pericardium |
| The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, and more specifically, within the ___ | Mediastinum |
| Large transverse vein in the coronary sulcus that collects blood from all three cardiac veins and empties into the R atrium | Coronary sinus |
| The death of cardiac tissue from lack of blood flow is commonly known as a heart attack, but clinically called ___ | Myocardial infarction |
| Electrical signals pass quickly from one cardiac myocyte to another through the ___ of the intercalated discs. | Electrical junctions |
| Any disease of the myocardium not resulting from coronary artery disease, valvular dysfunction or other cardiovascular disorders... | Cardiomyopathy |
| Compression of the heart by an abnormal accumulation of fluid or clotted blood in the pericardial cavity | Cardiac tamponage |
| Fluid accumulation in either circuit due to insufficiency of ventricular pumping... | Congestive heart failure |
| Inadequate blood flow to the myocardium, usually because of coronary atherosclerosis (build up in vessels) | Mycardial ischemia |
| Inflammation of the endocardium, usually due to bacterial infection | Infective endocarditis |
| Inflammation of the pericardium, sometimes due to infection or radiation therapy, etc. | Acute pericarditis |
| Measures blood presure | Sphygomomanometer |
| Refers to any failure of a valve to present reflux | Valvular insufficiency |
| Seepage of fluid from the pericardium into the pericardial cavity | Pericardial effusion |
| Persistent, resting heart rate of below 60 bpm | Bradycardia |
| Listening to the sounds made by the body | Ascultation |
| The response of the heart to fluctuations in blood chemistry | Chemoreflexes |
| Persistent resting adult heart rate of above 100 bpm | Tachycardia |
| Factors that raise/lower the heart rate | Chronotropic agents |
| Amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in 1 minute | Cardiac output |
| Constriction of the coronary arteries usually resulting from atherosclerosis | Coronary artery disease |
| Sense of heaviness or pain in the chest resulting from temporary and reversible ischemia or deficiency of the blood flow to the cardiac muscle | Angina |
| Cardiocytes are joined end to end by thick connections called ___ | Intercalated discs |
| Normal heart beat triggered by the SA node is called the ___ | Sinus rhythm |
| Consists of one complete contraction and relaxation of all four heart chambers | Cardiac cycle |
Created by:
SavannahElkins
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