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Weather Unit
Information concerning water, atmosphere, and weather
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Approximately what percentage of Earth’s water is fresh water? | 3% |
| The streams and small rivers that feed into a main river are called | Tributaries |
| The water in ponds and lakes is | still |
| Water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail is called | precipitation |
| A lake that stores water for human use is called a(n) | reservoir |
| What percent of our atmosphere is made up of gases other than oxygen and nitrogen? | 1% |
| The less mass in a given volume of air, the _________ dense the air is. | less |
| What instrument is used to measure air pressure? | barometer |
| The layer of our atmosphere in which weather occurs is the | troposphere |
| Cool air tends to be _________ dense and flows under warm air. | more |
| Local winds differ from global winds because they | over a smaller area |
| Earth’s rotation makes global winds curve. This is called the | Coriolis Effect |
| The layers of the atmosphere are classified according to changes in | temperature |
| From Earth to space, the main layers in our atmosphere are: | troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere |
| The ozone layer is found in the | stratosphere |
| The ozone layer protects living things on Earth from | ultraviolet radiation (UV rays) |
| Which layer of the atmosphere protects Earth’s surface from being hit by most meteoroids? | mesosphere |
| The prevailing westerlies, the major wind belts over the continental United States, generally push air masses from | west to east |
| What is the most abundant salt in sea water? | Sodium Chloride (NaCl) |
| A deep canyon in the ocean floor is called a(n) | trench |
| In which zone is ocean temperature most affected by the weather? | Surface Zone |
| In what zone would you find the densest water in the ocean? | Deep Zone |
| What causes wind? | Differences in air pressure due to unequal heating of Earth’s surface |
| What is the name of the process by which water vapor enter the atmosphere during the water cycle? | evaporation |
| Relative humidity can be measured with a(an) | Psychrometer |
| What are the two conditions are required for cloud formation? | Cooling of the air & the presence of particles |
| Very high feathery clouds are called | cirrus |
| On average, a snowfall of 20 centimeters would equal a rainfall of | 2 cm |
| What type of heat transfer is responsible for global wind patterns? | convection |
| What type of weather is associated with a cyclone? | clouds, wind, & precip |
| What type of weather is from an anticyclone? | dry and clear |
| Small lines at the end of the shaft that represents wind direction on a weather map tell you what? | Wind speed |
| The collecting of weather data in the last 40 years has been improved mostly by | technology |
| What is the most dangerous aspect of a snowstorm? | High winds |
| Large clouds that often produce thunderstorms are called | cumulonimbus |
| Any form of water that falls from clouds is called | precipitation |
| When a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet and neither can move the other, the result is a(n)_____________________ | stationary front |
| A funnel-shaped cloud that touches Earth’s surface is called a | tornado |
| Isobars are lines on a map joining places that have the same | air pressure |
| When a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass, it forms a(n) | Warm front |
| One example of a safe place to be during a thunderstorm is | indoors |
| What type of cloud forms at high altitudes and appears wispy and feathery? | cirrus |
| Most of Earth’s fresh water is in the form of ____________________. | ice |
| The energy for the water cycle originally comes from the ____________________. | the sun |
| Water moves from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface as rain, snow, and other forms of ____________________. | precipitation |
| An instrument called a(n) ____________________ is used to measure how hot or cold the air is. | thermometer |
| Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is mostly in the form of visible light, infrared radiation, and ____________________ radiation. | ultraviolet |
| The name of the molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms is ____________________. | ozone |
| Water in the form of a gas is called ____________________. | water vapor |
| Because air has mass, it exerts a force on an area or surface called ____________________. | air pressure |
| The ____________________, or elevation, of a mountaintop is its distance above sea level. | altitude |
| On newspaper weather maps, colors are often used to indicate ____________________ ranges for different areas. | temperature |
| Storms that form within large cumulonimbus clouds and produce rain and lightning are called ____________________________. | thunderstorms |
| Clouds form when water vapor in air becomes liquid water in the process called ____________________. | condensation |
| An ice pellet larger than 5 millimeters in diameter that forms during a thunderstorm is called a(n) ____________________. | hail |
| Where a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses, a(n) ____________________ front occurs. | occluded |
| Scientists called _________________________ study the causes of weather and attempt to predict it. | meteorologists |
| A long-lasting storm that begins over the warm surface of the ocean and has winds of 119 kilometers per hour or higher is a(n) ____________________. | Hurricane |
| On a weather map, places that have the same temperature are joined with lines called ______________________________. | Isotherms |
| Describe conduction | Heat transfer by direct contact |
| Describe convection | Heat transfer by motion of a fluid |
| Describe radiation | transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves |
| What are the doldrums? | Area at the equator where there is little or no wind due to the sun's direct heating |
| You and a friend are hiking in the wilderness when you become caught in a thunderstorm. What should you do? | Try to find a place where you can go indoors |
| Explain why weather forecasts are not always accurate? | "Butterfly Effect" (One small change today can lead to bigger changes later) |
| Describe the cause of lake-effect snow | Cool dry air picks up water vapor as it moves over the Great Lakes. This air then cools when it ends up over land. At that point clouds form and drops large amounts of snow. |
| Give an example of how an atmospheric condition can change a landscape. | Hurricanes can erode coastlines |
| As water moves through the water cycle, the total amount of water on Earth ___________________. | stays the same |
| Name 3 factors affecting the density of ocean water. | temperature, salinity, depth |
| How do ocean currents affect the climate of coastal areas? | Ocean currents can warm or cool the air above them. |
| How does air pressure change with increasing altitude? | decreases |
| What is eutrophication? | nutrients build up in lakes; humans contribute by using fertilizers when farming |
| Why do deep ocean currents curve? | Coriolis Effect |
| What is air pressure? | Force air exerts on a surface; weight of a column of air pushing on something |
| What type of precipitation falls from the sky as ice pellets larger than 5 mm in diameter? | hail |
| What type of precipitation freezes when it hits a cold surface? | freezing rain |
| What type of precipitation forms when water vapor in a cloud is converted directly as ice crystals? | snow |
| What type of precipitation forms when raindrops fall through an area below 0°C? | sleet |
Created by:
MrsMonagle
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