Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Tree Sciences
Glossary Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Xylem | Main water and mineral conducting (unidirectional, up only) tissue in trees and other plants. Provides structural support. Arises (inward) from the cambium and becomes wood after lignifying (contrast with phloem) |
| Phloem | Plant vascular that transports photosynthates and growth regulators. Situated on the inside of the bark, just outside the cambium. Is bidirectional |
| Parenchyma Cell | Thin-walled, living cells essential in photosynthesis, radical transport, energy storage, and production of protective compounds |
| Branch bark ridge | Raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge |
| Epicormic branching | Shoots arising from a latent or adventitious bud (growth point) |
| Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees (CODIT) | Natural defense process in trees by which chemical and physical boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay organisms |
| Woundwood | Lignified, differentiated tissues produced on woody plants as a response to wounding (contrasts with callus) |
| Rays | Parenchyma tissues that extend radially across the xylem and phloem of a tree and function in transport, storage, structural strength, and defense |
| Hardwood cuttings | Wood of an angiosperm tree as distinguished from that of a conifer; broadleaf tree |
| Softwood cuttings | Used to propagate a wide range of deciduous trees |
| Ramet | A group of genetically identical individuals, that have grown in a given location, all originating vegetatively, not sexually, from a single ancestor |
| Scion | Top part of a graft, with leaves and buds, that is grafted to the root stock |
| Phenotype | Observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup, as distinguished from the physical appearance, of an organism |
| Stratify | The process of pretreating seeds to simulate natural winter conditions that a seed must endure before germination |
| Cotyledon | Seed leaf. One of the first leaves to form in an embryo |
| Epigeal germination | Indicating that the germination of a plant takes place above the ground (like a bean) |
| Included bark | Bark that becomes embedded in a crotch (union) between branch and trunk or between co-dominant stems. Causes a weak structure |
| Cultivar | Cultivated variety of a plant. Cannot be reproduced without human assistance. Usually propagated asexually (cloned) |
| Specific epithet | Classification name that follows the genus name in scientific nomenclature |
| Hybrid | Plant resulting from a cross between two or more other plants that are more or less alike |
| Family | Taxonomic group under the order level and above the genus level |
| Arboriculture | Practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants in the landscape |
| Angiosperm | A plant that produces seeds within an enclosure; they are fruiting plants, although more commonly referred to as flowering plants |
| Gymnosperm | Plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones (contrast with angiosperm) |
| Compression Wood | Reaction wood in gymnosperms, and some angiosperms, that develops on the underside of branches or leaning trunks and is important in load bearing |
| Reaction Wood | Wood formed in leaning or crooked stems or on lower or upper sides of branches as a means of counteracting the effects of gravity |
| Tension Wood | A form of reaction wood in broadleaved trees (hardwoods) that forms on the upper side of branches or the trunks of leaning trees (contrast with compression wood) |
| Anthocyanin | Red or purple pigment responsible for those colours in some parts of trees and other plants |
| Biomechanics | Applies the principles of mechanical design to biological structures |
| Branch Bark Ridge | Raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge |
| Cartotenoids | Yellow, orange, or red pigment responsible for those colours in some parts of trees and other parts |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures the enregy of the sun, and is essential in photosynthesis |
| Cultivar | Cultivated variety of a plant. Cannot be reproduced without human assistance. Usually propagated asexually (cloned) |
| Desiccation | Severe drying out. Dehydration |
| Dioecious | Species of of plants in which male and female flowers are on separate plants |
| Disorder | Abnormal condition that impairs the performance of one or more vital functions. Often associated with noninfectious agents |
| Drip Line | Imaginary line defined by the branch spread of a single plant or group of plants |
| Epigeal Germination | Germination of a plant takes place above ground |
| Flush Cut | Pruning cut through and/or removing the branch collar, causing unnecessary injury to the trunk or parent stem |
| Gymnosperm | Seed producing plants such as conifers |
| Hybrid | Plant resulting from a cross between two or more other plants that are more or less alike |
| Included Bark | Bark that becomes embedded in a crotch (union) between branch and trunk or between codominant stems. Causes a weak structure |
| Monoecious | Species with male and female flowers borne on the same plant |
| Parenchyma Cell | Thin-walled, living cells essential in photosynthesis, radial transport, energy storage, and production or protective compounds |
| Phloem | Plant vascular tissue that transports photosynthesis and growth regulators. Situated in the inside of the bark, just outside the cambium. Is bidriectional |
| Plant Hardiness | Describes their ability to survive adverse growing condition |
| Pollarding | Specialty pruning technique in which a tree with a large-maturing form is kept relatively short |
| Ramet | A clonal colony or genet is a group of genetically identical individuals |
| Rays | Parenchyma tissues that extend radially across the exlem and phloem of a tree and function in transport, storage, structural strength, and defense |
| Reaction Wood | Wood formed in leaning or crooked stems or on lower or upper sides of branches as a means of counteracting the effects of a gravity |
| Rhizosphere | Soil area immediately adjacent to, and affected by plant roots. Typically has a high level of microbial activity |
| Scaffold Limb | Permanent, main branch of the canopy |
| Scion | Top part of a graft, with leaves and buds, that is grafted to the root stock |
| Shake | Separation of wood at the growth rungs or rays, usually along the barrier zone that forms in the CODIT |
| Specific Epithet | Classification name that follows the genus name in scientific nomenclature (i.e species) |
| Stratify | To form or place in strata by layers |
| Subordination | To prune to reduce the size and ensuing growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders |
| Tannin | A yellowish or brownish bitter-tasting organic substance present in some bark |
| Tension Wood | A form of reaction wood in broadleaved trees (hardwoods) that forms on the upper side of branches or the trunks of leaning trees |
| Topping | Inappropriate pruning technique to reduce tree size (cutting back a tree to a predetermined crown lift) |
| Tropism | Tendency of growth or variation of a plant in response to an external stimulus such as gravity (geotropism) or light (phototropism) |
| Whorl | Leaves, twigs, or branches arranged in a circle around a point on the stem |
| Woundwood | Lignified, differentiated tissues produced on woody plants as a response to wounding |
| Xylem | Main water and mineral conducting tissues in trees and other plants. Provides structural support. Arises inward from the cambium and becomes wood after lignifying |
Created by:
doorsnatcher
Popular Earth Science sets