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Evolution
AP Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Darwin Theory of evolution | it's the descendants with modification |
| Evolution | changes through time |
| Inheritance of acquired characteristics: Jean-Baptiste Landmark | Pass on physical and behavioral changes to their offspring, variation by experience not genetic, NOT TRUE |
| Hardy-Weinberg Principle | No evolution will take place if these 5 assumptions are met: 1)No mutations 2)No genes are transferred to or from sources 3)Random mating occurs 4)Population size is large 5)No natural selection occurs |
| Formula for Hardy Weinberg Principle | p^2 + 2pq + q^2 and p + q=1 |
| Changes in a population | Mutation, Gene Flow, Nonrandom mating, genetic drift, selection |
| Types of Nonrandom mating | Assortative Mating: Disassortative Mating: phenotypically different individuals mate |
| Gene flow | movement of alleles from one population to another |
| What is Genetic Drift? Types of genetic drift? | Random fluctuation in allele frequencies over time by chance 1)Founder effect- few individuals found new population 2)Bottleneck effect- drastic reduction in population |
| fitness | Survival: how long does an organism live Mating success: how often it mates Number of offspring per mating the survive |
| negative frequency | rare phenotypes are favored |
| positive frequency | common phenotypes are favored |
| speciation | process by which a new species arise |
| microevolution | changes overtime in allele frequencies in a population |
| macroevolution | board pattern of evolution over long time |
| Reproductive isolation? | the existence of biological barriers the separate two species from producing hybrids |
| Prezygotic barriers | prevent mating or hinder fertilization Ecological isolation:same area but occupy different habitats and rarely encounter each other Temporal isolation:reproduce in diff seasons or a diff time of the day Mechanical isolation:structural differences |
| Postzygotic barriers | Prevent a fertilized egg from developing into a fertile adult |
| Allopatric speciation: | a population forms a new species because it geographically isolated from parent population |
| Sympatric speciation: | a small part of population becomes a new species w/o being separated |
| Adaptive radiation | new species arise from one common ancestor |
| gradualism | same ancestor, gradual change |
| punctuated equilibrium | same ancestor, periods of sudden change |
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