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AP Bio Chapter 50
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ecology | The study of how organisms interact with their environment. |
| Abiotic Components | Nonliving chemical and physical factors |
| Biotic Components | Living factors |
| Organismal Ecology | The behavioral, physiological, and morphological ways in which individual organisms meet the challenges posed by their abioticenvironment |
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area |
| Community | All organisms that inhabit a particular area |
| Ecosystem | All abiotic factors in addition to the community of species that exists in a certain area |
| biosphere | The global ecosystem |
| Environment | Biotic and abiotic factors |
| Interactions | How organisms are affected by their environment or how they sometimes change their environment |
| Ecological time/ Evolutionary time | Ecological events over a set scale of time |
| Major Abiotic Factors | Temperature, Water, Sunlight, Wind, Rocks and Soil, and Periodic Disturbances |
| Climate and the Distribution of Organisms | The climate affects the distribution of organisms due to prevailing weather conditions |
| Climate | The prevailing weather conditions of a locality |
| Biome | The major types of ecosystems |
| Correlation vs. Causation | Relationship of data rather than cause and effect |
| Turnover | Mixing of lake water levels due to changing seasons |
| Photic Zone | Where there is sufficient light for photosynthesis |
| Aphotic Zone | Where little light penetrates |
| Thermocline | A narrow stratum of rapid temperature change |
| Benthic Zone | The bottom of all aquatic biomes |
| Benthos | Organisms inhabiting the benthic zone |
| Detritus | Dead organic matter eaten by benthos |
| Littoral Zone | Shallow, well-lit waters close to shore |
| Limnetic Zone | Well-lit, open waters farther from shore |
| Profundal Zone | Below the Limnetic Zone and above the Benthic Zone |
| Oligotrophic | Deep, nutrient-poor lakes |
| Eutrophic | Shallow lakes high in nutirents |
| Mesotrohic | In between Eutrophic and Oliogotrophic |
| Wetland | An area covered with water that supports aquatic plants |
| Estuary | Where a freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean |
| Intertidal Zone | Where land meets water |
| Nertic Zone | Beyond the Intertidal Zone, over the continental shelf |
| Oceanic Zone | Area past the continental shelf |
| Pelagic Zone | Open water of any depth |
| Benthic Zone | Sea floor |
| Coral Reefs | Area dominated by structures of coral |
| Oceanic Pelagic Biome | Ocean water far from shore, made up of constantly mixed ocean currents |
| Abyssal Zone | Deep benthic area with constantly cold (3* Celsius) |
| Canopy | Top forest layer |
| Permafrost | Permanently frozen ground stratum |
| Regulators | Organisms that use physical characteristics to achieve homeostasis in the face of environmental fluctuations |
| Conformers | Organisms that allow their elements of their bodies to vary due to external changes |
| Principle of Allocation | Each organism has a certain amount of energy that be allocated for obtaining nutrients, escaping predators, coping with environmental fluctuations, growth, and reproduction |
| Acclimation | Substantial but reversible changes in an organism to adapt to an environmental change |
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