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Blood Exam
Chapter 12 Blood Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is blood? | type of connective tissue with mixture of cells, chemicals and fluid |
| What is the shape and characteristics of a RBC? | biconcave cells that lack nuclei when mature and carry gases |
| Which cells are agranulocytes? | monocytes, lymphocytes |
| Which cells are granulocytes? | neutrophils, basophils, eosinphils |
| How many WBCs are in a normal cell count? | 5,000-10,000 |
| What WBC occurs the most? Least? | neutrophils, basophils |
| What are the names and functions of WBCs? | neutrophil, monocytes are phagocytic eosinphils fight against allergens/parasites basophils release histamines - inflammation lymphocytes - antibodies, T cells |
| What is a hematocrit? | a blood sample that contains 45% cells and 55% plasma |
| Describe the molecule of hemoglobin? | a protein which contains iron |
| How many neutrophils, etc. are normally in a blood sample? | neutrophils: 54-62%, Eosinphils: 1-3%, Basophils: less than 1%, monocytes: 3-9% and lymphocytes: 25-33% |
| When oxygen is removed from blood, it appears to be lighter or darker? | Darker |
| What is anemia and how is it caused? | Not enough RBC or don't function properly. Low hemoglobin |
| What is a bleeding disorder and what cells are involved? | blood doesn't clot properly. Platelets |
| What are blood cancers? What cells are involved? | problems with production of blood cells, i.e. RBC, WBCs |
| Describe erythroblastosis fetalis: | Rh neg mother, Rh positive father with Rh pos baby, mother will develop antibodies against Rh+ in baby. 2nd pregnancy mother will have high Rh+ antibodies due to 1st pregnancy and will attack babies RBCs |
| What is hemostasis? | stoppage of bleeding |
| what are the three steps in hemostasis? | Blood vessel spasm platelet plug blood coagulation |
| Describe steps in blood vessel spasm: | vasospasm due to cut initiates platelets to the area |
| Describe steps in platelet plug: | platelets tick to edge of cut forming a plug |
| Describe steps in blood coagulation: | thromboplastin activates first and produces prothrombin activator which converts prothrombin to thrombin. This in turn converts fibrogen to fibrin. |
| What is the condition of leukopenia? Luekocytosis? | Leukopenia when WBC count is below 4,000 Leukocytosis when WBC count is above 10,000 |
| What are the major blood types: | A, B, O, AB, Rh+, Rh- |
| Define antigens? | proteins located on RBC |
| Define antibodies? | antibodies fight against foreign antigens, i.e. anti-A fights against antigen A on RBC |
| Explain why a person who is blood type A cannot receive blood from a person who is blood type B: | Type A person has antigen A on their RBCs and antibodies against B type (anti-B) so a donor type B will initiate an immune response and destroy donors RBCs. |
| Why is O the universal donor? | no antigens on RBCs |
| What is Rh factor? | Rhesus factor, a protein on RBC. |
| What happens to blood when you give a person who is Rh- blood from a person who is Rh+ | Against, anti-Rh will destroy RBCs with Rh factor on their surfaces. agglutination |
| Where are blood cells produced? | bone marrow |
| What molecules are necessary for red blood cell formation? | vitamin B, folic acid, iron |
| What cells produce WBCs? | leukoblasts |
| What is the hormone released from the kidney and liver that controls production of RBCs? | erthropoietin |
| Name the test you perform that gives percentages of various types of leukocytes? | blood smear |
| Name the test to determine your ABO group? | blood typing |
| Be able to identify all blood cells: |
Created by:
jlafferty
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