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CH. 15 STUDY
STUDY GUIDE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the examples of local winds. | land breeze and sea breeze or mountain breeze and valley breeze |
| What are auroras and where are they found? | Found in ionosphere and are shimmering lights in the sky |
| Our ozone layer absorbs which type of harmful radiation from the sun? | Ultraviolet rays or UV rays |
| How much oxygen and carbon dioxide is found in our air? | About 21% oxygen and less than 1% carbon dioxide |
| Which global wind blows away from the poles to the west? | Easterlies |
| What are the 2 most abundant gases found in the air? | Nitrogen and oxygen |
| Describe air pressure. | The weight of air molecules on top of you |
| What happens to air pressure as altitude increases? | Air pressure decreases |
| Describe jet streams. | Narrow belts of high-speed winds that are 400 km/h |
| What is the greenhouse effect? | Gases in the atmosphere reflect heat back to the Earth |
| Explain the 3 ways that heat is transferred. | Radiation travels by electromagnetic waves, conduction travels when an object transfers heat to a material by touch, and circulation is when heat cools and warms CIRCULATING and moving that heat |
| Where do trade winds flow toward? | Flows west in the northern hemisphere and east in the southern hemisphere |
| What does the Coriolis Effect make the winds do? | It makes them curve |
| Describe the doldrums. | An area around the equator with very little wind because of low air pressure |
| What is the ozone layer? Where is it found? | It is found in the stratosphere and a natural gas made up of three oxygen atoms. |
| Describe the thermosphere. | Very high temperatures because of gases reacting to the sunlight |
| What is the most common atmospheric gas? | Nitrogen |
| What parts of the earth cools off faster and heats up faster? | Land heats up and cools down faster |
| What is smog? | Exhaust and ozone that reacts to sunlight |
| Describe the movement of convection currents. | Dense sinking cold air pushes less dense warm air up and cools and turns to dense sinking cold air. |
| Which instrument measures air pressure? | A barometer |
| What is significant about the troposphere? | We live in it and it is where weather happens |
| What kind of ways have humans created air pollution? | Vehicle exhaust, industrial pollution, and indoor air pollution |
| What is another name for the distance above sea level? | Altitude |
| What are global winds? | Trade winds, polar easterlies, and westerlies |
| What does the name of a wind tell you? | The direction it is from |
| How much of the sun’s energy actually reaches the Earth? | Two-billionths |
| What property are the layers of the atmosphere based on? | Temperature changes |
| Which calm area is located around 30 degrees north and south latitude? | Horse latitudes |
| What is the atmosphere? | A mixture of gases that surrounds Earth |
| List the 3 global winds and the 2 calm areas. | Horse laditudes, doldrums, trade winds, polar easterlies, and westerlies |
| What is global warming? | There is too much greenhouse gases and the Earth overheats |
| If air mass increases what happens to density? | It increases |
| What type of winds blow over short distances? | Local winds |
| How are all winds created? | Differences of air pressure |
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