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Ch. 15
Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is smog? | A combination of smoke and fog. Polluted air that forms when sunlight reacts with ozone and exhaust. |
| List the examples of local winds. | Land and sea breeze. |
| What are auroras and where are they found? | Shimmering lights found in the ionosphere (thermosphere). |
| Our ozone layer absorbs which type of harmful radiation from the sun? | UV or ultraviolet. |
| How much oxygen and carbon dioxide is found in our air? | O = 21% CO₂ = less than 1% |
| Which global wind blows away from the poles to the west? | The Polar Easterlies. |
| What are the 2 most abundant gases found in the air? | Nitrogen & Oxygen |
| Describe air pressure. | The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface. |
| What happens to air pressure as altitude increases? | The pressure decreases. |
| Describe jet streams. | Narrow belts of high speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. |
| What is the greenhouse effect? | The process by which gases in the atmosphere absorb thermal energy |
| Explain the 3 ways that heat is transferred. | Conduction = material/direct contact Radiation = EM waves (can’t touch) Convection = energy through liquid or gas |
| Where do trade winds flow toward? | Toward the equator. |
| What does the Coriolis Effect make the winds do? | Makes winds curve. |
| Describe the doldrums. | This is where trade winds meet; on the equator, very light winds - dull |
| What is the ozone layer? Where is it found? | Found in the Stratosphere, layer of oxygen that absorbs most of sun’s UV rays. |
| Describe the thermosphere. | Uppermost layer of the atmos. Temp. inc. due to solar radiation. Aurora Borealis occurs here. |
| What is the most common atmospheric gases? | Nitrogen. |
| What parts of the earth cools off faster and heats up faster? What does this unequal heating create? | Land cools and heats fastest; creates wind. |
| Describe the movement of convection currents. | With a heat source, cold sinking dense air pushes warm light less dense air – continues in a cycle. |
| Which instrument measures air pressure? | barometer |
| What is significant about the troposphere? | Weather occurs here. |
| What kind of ways have humans created air pollution? | Burning fossil fuels – exhaust, chemicals. |
| What is another name for the distance above sea level? | Altitude or elevation |
| What are global winds? | Combination of convections cells at every 30 degrees latitude; winds that blow across long distances |
| What does the name of a wind tell you? | Wind name tells you where the wind is coming from. |
| How much of the sun's energy actually reaches the Earth? | 2 billionth |
| What property are the atmosphere based on? | temperature |
| Which clam area is located 30 degrees north and south latitude? | Horse latitudes |
| What is the atmosphere? | Layer of gases that surround the Earth and protects us from UV and space objects. |
| List the 3 global winds and 2 calm areas. | Global winds – polar easterlies, westerlies, trade winds Calm areas – doldrums, horse latitudes. |
| What is global warming? | The increase in average temperature on Earth. |
| If air mass increases what happens to density? | As air mass increases the density increases . |
| What type of winds blow over short distances? | Local winds |
| How are all winds created? | Unequal heating of the earth’s surface |
Created by:
Collin Nebiker
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