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Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mendel's Basic Laws of Heredity | The rules to genes and how they work |
| Punnet Square | A chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross; used to predict the possibility of a particular offspring |
| Dominant Allele | When present more than once in a gene, the trait it codes will be expressed in the offspring |
| Recessive Allele | Only expressed when there are two copies of it in a gene pair; if dominant allele is present, it will be "covered up" and not expressed |
| Phenotype | The way something looks and how the trait is expressed using a ratio |
| Genotype | The actual combination of genes using a ratio |
| Homozygous | The same allele |
| Monohybrid | A Punnet square which follows the inheritance of one trait |
| Heterozygous | A dominant and a recessive gene in a pair |
| Mitosis | The process where a cell divides, giving rise to two identical daughter cells; contains the same number of chromosomes |
| Meiosis | The process only occurs in sex cells(sperm and egg)by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
| Chromosomes | A structure within the nucleus that is made of DNA and protein |
| Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) | Genetic material that carries information about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring; found in the nucleus of a cell |
| Chromatid | One type of rod of the chromosome |
| Genes | Segments of DNA located on chromosomes; codes are for a particular protein or function, like eye or hair color |
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