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8th Grade Science
Vocabulary: Rock
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cementation | process in which the minerals dissolve in water crystallize between sediment grains "gluing" them together |
| chemical weathering | the process that changes the composition of rocks and minerals due to exposure to the environment |
| clastic | sedimentary rock that is made up of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments |
| compaction | a process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between sediment grains |
| deposition | the laying down or settling of eroded materials |
| erosion | the removal of weathered material from one location to another |
| extrusive | igneous rock that forms when volcanic material erupts, cools, and crystallizes on Earth's surface |
| foliated | rock that contains parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals |
| glacier | a large mass of ice that moves slowly across across Earth's surface, eroding rock as it moves |
| grain | fragments that make up a rock |
| intrusive | igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground |
| mechanical weathering | when physical processes naturally break rocks into smaller pieces |
| metamorphism | process that affects the structure or composition of a rock in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids |
| organic matter | the remains of something that was once alive |
| plastic deformation | permanent change in shape by bending and folding |
| pore | a small hole or space |
| sediment | rock material that forms when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode |
| superposition | the principle that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom |
| texture | the grain size and the way grains fit together in a rock |
| volcanic glass | rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals |