Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Stack #152358
pharm ch 12, kilgore lvl1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sedatives | drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS -can act as a hypnotic if given in large enough doses |
| Symptoms that sedatives reduce | -nervousness -excitability -irritability w/o causing sleep |
| hypnotics | cause sleep |
| dose size | helps determine if drug is sedative or hypnotic, larger doses are typically hypnotic |
| low doses | calm the CNS w/o inducing sleep |
| High doses | calm the CNS to the point of causing sleep |
| Sleep-cycle balance | all sleep needs to be balanced thru all the stages, and sleep drugs will suppress at least one aspect of the cycle |
| Non-REM sleep stage 1 | 2-5% of sleep time -dozing/drifting off to sleep, can be easily awakened |
| Non-REM sleep stage 2 | 50% of sleep time Relaxation, but person can easily be awakened person has occasional REMS and slight eye movements |
| Non-REM sleep state 3 | 5% of sleep time Deep sleep, difficult to wake person vital stats may decrease |
| Non-REM sleep state 4 | 10-15% of sleep time -very difficult to wake person who may be quite groggy if awakened -dreamin occurs, esp about daily events -sleep walking and enuresis can occur |
| REM sleep | REMs occur vivd dreams occur breathing may be irregular |
| Barbiturates | a sedative-hypnotic drug -only a handful commonly used presently b/c of the safety and efficacy of benzodiazepines |
| Categories of Barbiturates | Ultrashort-anesthesia & other uses Short & intermediate-sedative/hypnotic and convulsive condition control Long- sedative/hypnotic, epileptic seizure prophylaxis & other uses Long- sedative/hypnotic, |
| secobarbital | Short acting Barbiturate |
| Barbiturate therapeutic index | is very narrow, effective dose is very close to toxic level |
| how barbiturates work | in brainstem (reticular formation) bariturates inhibit GABA, therefore nerve impulses traveling in the cerebral cortex are also inhibited |
| low doses of barbiturates | sedative effects |
| high doese of barbiturates | hypnotic effects & lowers respiratory rate -alcholo will double the effect of barbituates |
| Barbiturate affect on enzymes | notorious inducer -stimulates liver enzymes that cause the metabolism of many drugs shortening their duration of action |
| severe AEs of Barbiturates | -respiratory depression -reduced REM sleep resulting in agitation (Psychotic) and inability to deal w/ normal stress -overdose produces CNS depression (sleep to coma to death) |
| other therapeutic uses of barbiturates | -anesthesia induction -uncontrollable seizures "Phenobarbital coma" |
| Benzodiazepines | most frequently prescribed sedative-hypnotic for it's favorable drug effect profiles |
| types of benzodiazepines | -sedative-hypnotic -anxiolytic (medication that relieves anxiety) |
| long acting benzodiazepines | estazolam (Prosom) flurazepam (Dalmane) others |
| short acting benzodiazepines | temazepam (Restoril) triazolam (Halcion) |
| Nonbenzoidazepine hypnotics | CNS depressants share many characteristics of benzodiazepines used to treat insomnia |
| types of nonbenzodiazepines | -salepion (Sonata) -zolpidem (Ambien) -eszoplicone (Lunesta) |
| affects of benzodiazepines | depress CNS activity less suppression of REM sleep than barbiturates Do not increase metabolism of other drugs |
| Benzodiazepines uses | -sedation,sleep induction, balanced anesthesia, moderate/conscious sedation -skeletal muscle relaxation (mus. spasm relief) -anxiety, agitation, depression and epilepsy relief, -treatment of alcohol withdrawal |
| AEs of benzodiazepines | mild and infrequent -fall hazard for frail/elderly persons -avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants while taking bezodiazepines |
| Muscle relaxants | -act to relieve pain associ. w/ skeletal muscle spasms |
| Action of muscle relaxants | -CNS site of action -structure and action similar to other CNS depressants -acts directly on skeletal muscle & resembles GABA |
| muscle relaxant uses | -relief of muscle spasms -mgmt of spasticity or severe chronic disorders -MS, Cerebral palsy -work best with concurrent physical therapy |
| dantrolene (Dantrium) | muscle relaxant used in malignant hyperthermia crisis |
| AEs of muscle relaxants | CNS depression symptoms |
| cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) | commonly used muscle relaxant central acting & treats spasticity |
| baclofen (Lioresal) | -muscle relaxant -oral or intrathecal(spinal) route |
| temazepam (Restoril) | -benzodiazapine used for short-term MGMT of insomnia |
| zaleplon (Sonata) | -nonbeenzodiazepine hypnotic drug -short acting (4 hrs to sleep minumim) -effective up to 5 wks |
| zolpidem (Ambien) | - Short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic -limit treatment of insomnia to 7-10 days -more grogginess than sonata |
Created by:
gfcfnina
Popular Nursing sets