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Chapter 15
Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the examples of local winds. | land and sea breeze |
| what are auroras and where are they found? | the auroras are shimmering lights and are found in the ironsphere. |
| Our ozone layer absorbs which type of harmful radiation from the sun? | UV or ultraviolet rays |
| how much oxygen and carbon dioxide is in our air? | less than 1% of carbon dioxide and 21% of oxygen. |
| which global wind blows away from the poles to the west? | polar easterlies. |
| what are two most abundant gases found in the air? | nitrogen and oxygen. |
| describe air pressure. | air pressure is the amount of air around us. |
| what happens to air pressure as altitude increases? | air pressure decreases. |
| describe jet streams. | jet streams are narrow belts of high speed winds in the upper troposphere and lower statosphere. |
| what is the greenhouse effect? | the process by which gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide, absorb thermal energy and radiate it back to Earth. |
| explain the 3 ways heat is transferred. | radiation: Energy transferred by EM waves. conduction: transfer of thermal energy through a material. convection: transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas. |
| where do trade winds flow toward? | the equator. |
| what does the Coriolis Effect make the winds do? | curve. |
| describe the doldrums. | calm and weak wind areas. |
| what is the ozone layer? where is it found? | the ozone layer is a layer of gas in our atmosphere that protects us from harmful UV rays. It is found in the statosphere. |
| describe the thermosphere. | The uppermost atmospheric layer and warm. |
| what is the most common atmosphere gas? | nitrogen. |
| what parts of the earth cools off faster and heats up faster? what does this unequal heating create? | the land. the unequal heating creates wind. |
| what is smog? | polluted air that forms when sunlight reacts with ozone and exhaust. |
| describe the movement of convection currents. | up and down. |
| which instrument measures air pressure? | barometer. |
| what is significant about the troposphere? | It is the layer that we live in and weather occurs there. |
| what kind of ways have humans created air pollution? | car exhaust, chemicals, and burning fossil fuels. |
| what is another name for the distance above sea level? | altitude or elevation. |
| what are global winds? | Global winds are winds that cover a large area. They blow across the entire planet and are divided into four wind belt systems. |
| what does the name of a wind tell you? | where the wind came from. |
| how much of the suns energy actually reaches the earth? | two- billionths |
| what property are the layers of the atmosphere based on? | temperature. |
| which calm area is located around 30 degrees north and south latitude? | horse latitudes. |
| what is the atmosphere? | layer of gases that protect us from UV and space objects. |
| list the 3 global winds and 2 calm areas. | polar easterlies, westerlies, and trade winds. doldrums and horse latitudes are 2 calm areas. |
| what is global warming? | a gradual increase in average global temperature. |
| if air mass increases what happens to density? | increases. |
| what type of winds blow over short distances? | local winds. |
| how are all winds created. | unequal heating of the earth's surface. |
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200320526
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