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Bio-Animal Diversity
Animal Diversity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acoelomates | An animal lacking a body cavity. |
| Ampulla | A rounded muscular sac at the base of the foot, stores fluid and is used to operate the tube foot. |
| Archenteron | The central cavity of the gastrula stage of embryonic development that is lined with endoderm; primitive digestive system. |
| Axopod | Long, filamentous, cytoplasmic projections characteristic of actinopods. |
| Blastopore | The primitive opening into the body cavity of an early embryo that may become the mouth(protosomes) or the anus(deutrosomes) of the adult organism. |
| Cephalization | The evolution of a head; the concentration of nervous tissue and sense organs at the front end of the animal. |
| Chelicerae | The first pair of appendages in certain arthropods; clawlike appendages located immediately anterior to the mouth and used to manipulate food into the mouth. |
| Choanocyte | Also called collar cells. These are flagellated cells that line the excurrent wall of the sponge. It filters out tiny food particles and ingests it. Digestion is intracellular. |
| Open Circulatory System | A type of circulator system in which the blood bathes the tissues directly; characteristic of arthropods and many mollusks. |
| Closed Circulatory System | A type of circulatory system in which the blood flows through a continuous circuit of blood vessels; characteristic of annelids, cephalopods, and vertebrates. |
| Cnidocyte | Stinging cells characteristic of cnidarians. |
| Nematocyst | A stinging structure found within cnidocytes in cnidarians; used for anchorage, defense, and capturing prey. |
| Deuterostome | Major division of the animal kingdom in which the anus develops from the blastopore; includes the echinoderms and chordates. |
| Complete Digestive System | Food is taken through the oral orifice and expelled through the anus. |
| Incomplete Digestive System | Food and wastes leaves through the same orifice. |
| Dorsal, hollow nerve cord | At some time in their life cycle, chordates have a dorsal, hollow nerve cord. The chordate nerve cord differs from the nerve cord of most other animals in that it is located dorsally rather than ventrally, is hollow rather than solid, and is single. |
| Ectoderm | The outer germ layer of the early embryo; give rise to the skin and nervous system. |
| Endoderm | The inner germ layer of the early embryo; becomes the lining of the digestive tract- liver, lungs, and pancreas. |
| Epidermis | 1. An outer layer of cells that covers the body of plants and fuctions primarily for protection. 2. The outer layer of vertebrate skin. |
| Foot(mollusk) | A broad, flat, muscular foot, located ventrally, which is used for locomotion. |
| Gastrodermis | Lines the gastrovascular cavity and functions in digestion in cnidarians. |
| Gastrovascular cavity | A central digestive cavity with a single opening that functions as both mouth and anus; characteristic of cnidarians and flatworms. |
| Hemocoel | Blood cavity characteristic of animals with an open circulatory system. |
| Hydrostatic skeleton | A type of skeleton found in some invertebrates in which contracting muscles push against a tube of fluid. |
| Mantle | In the mollusk, a fold of tissue that covers the visceral mass and that usually produces a shell. |
| Medusa | A jellyfish like animal; a free swimming, umbrella shaped stage in the life cycle of certain cnidarians. |
| Mesoderm | The middle germ layer of the early embryo; gives rise to connective tissue, muscle, bone, blood vessels, kidneys, and many other structures. |
| Mesoglea | A layer of gelatinous, mainly acellular membrane that separates the epidermis and the gastrodermis of cnidarians. |
| Mesohyl | Between the outer and inner cell layers of the sponge body is a gelatin-like layer. |
| Notochord | The flexible, longitudinal rod in the antero-posterior axis that serves as an internal skeleton in the embryos of all chordates and in the adults of some. |
| Parapodia | Paired, thickly bristled paddle-like appendages extending laterally from each segment of polychaete worm. |
| Pharyngeal slits | Chordates have it during some time of their life cycle. |
| Polyp | A hydra-like animal; the sessile stage of the life cycle of certain cnidarians. |
| Porocyte | Specialized tubelike cells, form the pores of a simple sponge. These cells regulate the diameter of the pores by contracting. |
| Postanal tail | Chordates have a larva or embryo with a muscular postanal tail, an appendage that extends posterior to the anus. |
| Protostome | A major division of the animal kingdom in which the blastopore develops into the mouth, and the anus forms secondarily; includes annelids, arthropods, and mollusks. |
| Pseudocoelomate | An animal having a pseudocoelom. A body cavity in which the mesoderm only lines the guy not the outer layer. |
| Radula | A rasp-like structure, which is a belt of teeth in the mouth region. (Mollusk) This is not present in the clams or their relatives. |
| Setae | Bristle-like structures located on each segment, to provide traction as the worm moves by alternating contractions of its longitudinal and circular muscles. Polychaetes and oligochaetes. |
| Spicule | Support the sponge body. Consists of calcium carbonate, silica, or spongin. |
| Test | A shell. |
| True coelomate | A main body cavity, in which everything is lined with mesoderm. |
| Tube foot | In echinoderms, the hydraulic water vascular system leads to the numerous tiny tube feet. This helps with suction. |
| Water vascular system | A network of fluid filled canals that functions in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange. |
| Visceral Mass | The concentration of organs in the mollusk. |
| Vertebral column | A backbone. Consists of carilaginous or bony segments called vertebrae. |
Created by:
mahn
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