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Biology Chapter 5
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thylakoids | Membrane bound sacs that fill the inside of a chloroplast |
| Grana | Stacks of thylakoids; like pancakes |
| Stroma | Fluid outside of the grana, inside the chloroplasts |
| 3 stages of photosynthesis | 1. Energy is captured from sunlight 2. Light energy is converted to chemical energy (ATP & NADPH) 3. ATP and NADPH power the synthesis of organic molecules |
| Chemical formula for photosynthesis | 6CO^2+6H^2O---> C^6H^12O^6+6O^2 |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | Complete range of radiant energy |
| Radiant energy | Energy that is transmitted in waves that can travel through a vacuum |
| Photons | Tiny packets of energy |
| Pigment | Molecule containing atoms that enable it to absorb light |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment; primary light absorbing agent for photosynthesis |
| Photosystems | Clusters of pigments used in photosynthesis |
| Carotenoids | Yellow and orange plant pigments |
| Electron transport chain | Series of membrane bound proteins and pigment molecules |
| ATP synthase | ATP generating protein channel |
| NADPH | Reduced form of NADP+ |
| NADP+ | Coenzyme that carries hydrogen atoms and energy from one place to another in a cell |
| Carbon fixation | When enzymes incorporate carbon atoms form carbon dioxide into organic molecules |
| Calvin Cycle | Most common carbon fixing pathway; part of dark reactions. 3 carbon molecules enters and by using ATP and NADPH, glucose and other organic molecules are produced |
| 2 stages of cellular respiration | 1. Glucose is converted to pyruvate producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. 2. When oxygen is present, pyruvate and NADH are used to produce a large amount of ATP. When oxygen is absent pyruvate is converts to lactic acid or ethyl alcohol. |
| Glycolysis | Sequence of enzyme catalyzed reactions that converts a six carbon glucose molecule into two three carbon molecules of pyruvate |
| Oxidative respiration | When oxygen is available, a series of reactions follows glycolysis |
| Acetyl-CoA | Two carbon fragments left over from oxidative respiration attached to an enzyme |
| Keeps Cycle | Next phase of oxidative respiration that produces ATP, electron carriers, and carbon dioxide |
| Fermentation | Under anaerobic conditions, the electrons from glycolysis are added to organic molecules |
Created by:
SarahPickel15
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