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Bio-Classification

Classification

QuestionAnswer
List the taxonomic categories Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Systematics The scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships.
Taxonomy The scientific study of naming.
Classification Arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities, which reflect historical relationships among lineages.
Ancestral Character Traits that were present in an ancestral species that have remained essentially unchanged; suggest a distant common ancestor. Also called plesiomorphic character.
Analogous Character Shared resemblance between characters by other means than descent, such as adaptation. This is often called a homoplastic character.
Artificial Classification System A classification system that does not incorporate the evolutionary steps.
Binomen A two part name given to a species, in which the first part is the name of the genus and the second name is the specific name.
Binomial Nomenclature A system of naming a species by the combination of the genus name and a specific epithet.
Biological Species Also known as an isolation species, identifies a species as a set of actually or potentially interbreeding organisms.
Carolus Linnaeus Group organisms according to their similaries, mainly structural similarities. Before the mid 18th century, each species had a lengthy descriptive name, sometimes consisting of 10 or more Latin words. Linneaus developed the binomial nomenclature.
Character State A defined attribute of a species. Can also be a molcular trait, such as a particular protein or DNA sequence. However, just because two organisms share a character does not mean they are closely related.
Charles Darwin Hypothesized that humans and apes share a common ancestry.
Convergent Evolution The independent evolution of structural or functional similarity in two or more distantly related species, usually as a result of adaptations to simliar environments.
Derived Character Traits that have evolved more recently.
Homologous Character Features derived from a common ancestor, and therefore share common structural traits.
Monophyletic taxon A group made up of organisms that evolved from a common ancestor. Its taxon includes the most recent common ancestor and all its descendents.
Morphospecies Species defined by their anatomical features.
Natural Classification System A classification system that groups organisms according to their evolutionary steps.
Phylogeny The complete evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
Polyphyletic taxon A group made up of organisms that evolved from two or more different ancestors.
Specific epithet The second part of the name of a species; designates a specific species belonging to that genus.
Taxon A formal taxonomic group at any level.
Created by: mahn
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