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Bio concepts 2

chapter 41 animal nutrition

QuestionAnswer
assimilate use of food to stay alive
herbivores are grazers, filter feeders
carnivores are stalk and persuit hunters, stealth hunters, ambush hunters, group hunters
omnivores are opportunistic
what are the 4 classes of essential nutrients that animals require? 20 amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, water, minerals and elements.
vitamins are organic molecules required in diet in small amounts. they are grouped into 2 categories:fat soluble and water soluble.
minerals/elements simple inorganic nutrients usually required in very small amounts
ingestion act of eating, bringing food into digestive system
egestion defecation,act of eliminating undigested food via anus.
suspension feeders aquatic animals shift small food particles from water.
substrate feeders animals that live in or in their food source. ex snails/ chitons
fluid feeders suck nutrient rich fluid from living host. ex:ticks,spiders, true bugs
bulk feeders ingest relatively large pieces of food. ex;PYTHON.
digestion process of breaking food down into molecules small enough to absorb. 2 types: physical digestion and chemical digestion
physical digestion chewing
chemical digestion by enzymatic hydrolysis, breaks bonds in large food molecules with addition of water, producing smaller molecules.
absorption uptake of nutrients by epithelial cells linking gut cavity >capillaries/blood> cells of body.
elimination passage of undigested material out of terminal digestive compartment via anus.
why do most animals have specialized chambers for digestion? to reduce the risk of digesting its own cells and tissues and increase digestive efficiency(maximize energy and nutrient uptake per unit time/work)
Intercellular digestion occurs in animals with no or simple digestive systems. cells engulf food particles. engulfed particles digested by enzymes within intercellular food vacuoles.
extracellular digestion breakdown of food particles occurs outside cells in gut cavity. gut subdivided into various specialized compartments.
animals with simple body plans have what? gastrovascular cavity that functions in both digestion and distribution of nutrients.
animals with a complex body plan have what? digestive tube. complete digestive tract or alimentary canal.specialized regions and organs alongside tube that carry out digestion and absorption in stepwise fashion(efficient).separate anus and mouth allows continuous feeding.
Created by: ejohnson17
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