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Bio concepts 2
arthopods and echinoderms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ecological role of Arthropods | herbivores, carnivores, scavengers, detritivores, parasites of plants and animals. |
| body plan of arthropods | segmented, hard chitin exoskeleton, jointed appendages |
| arthropod evolution resulted in what to the body plan? | decrease in number of segments, more appendage specialization and diversification. these changes were due to a change in Hox gene sequence and gene regulation. |
| what are the appendages in arthropods meant for? | food capture, eating, sensory, defense, manipulate environment, mating/sexual reproduction |
| what kind of circulatory system do arthropods have? | open.circulates hemolymph into and out of coelom that surrounds the tissues and organs. they have a variety of specialized organs for gas exchange. |
| cheliceriforms include | sea spiders,horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, mites and spiders |
| myriapods include | centipedes and millipedes, worm like |
| hexapods include | insects and relatives |
| crustaceans include | crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles |
| trilobita include | extinct. |
| cheloceriformes traits | body has one or two main parts, six pairs of appendages , mostly terrestrial or marine |
| myriapoda | distinct head bearing antennae and chewing mouthparts; terrestrial |
| hexapoda | body divided into head, thorax, abdomen; antennae present; three pairs of legs and usually 2 pairs of wings; mostly terrestrial |
| crustacea | body of two or three parts; antennae present; chewing mouthparts; three or more pairs of legs; moslt marine and fresh water |
| what are the most modern cheliceriforms? | arachnids |
| arachnids include | spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites |
| characteristics of arachnids | large abdomen and cephalothorax bearing six pairs of appendages, most anterior of which are the chelocerae (fangs) |
| where does gas exchange occur in spiders? | book lungs |
| myriapods | all terrestrial, have mandibles |
| diplopoda are what | millipedes. have many legs, each trunk has 2 pairs of legs. |
| chilopods are what | centipedes. carnivores, some poisonous. one pair of legs per trunk segment. |
| hexapoda is the subphylum to what? | insects. |
| hexapoda | more species than all other forms of life combined. inhabit almost every terrestrial and fresh water habitat. includes several complex organ systems. |
| flight | key to great success of insects. animals that can do this can escape predators,find food,disperse to new habitats much faster than crawling organisms |
| other adaptations of insects | segmented exoskeleton(highly adaptable,strong relative to body weight,high reproductive rate,overwintering stage(pupae),co-evolution with flowering plants. |
| incomplete metamorphosis | young called nymphs. hatch from eggs, resemble adults but are smaller and sexually immature,go through series of molts until they reach adult size. |
| complete metamorphosis | one or more larval stage(instars)called maggot,grub,caterpillar.all larval stages worklike(no resemblance to adult),last larval instar pupates(metemorphosis during pupa stage), adult emerges from pupal case. |
| characteristics of insects | separate male and female(reproduce sexually). some are beneficial as pollinators while other are harmful as parasitic carriers of diseases or pests of crops.classifies into more than 30 orders. |
| crustaceans habitat and characteristics | marine and freshwater. separate male and females |
| crustacea characteristics | brached (biramous) appendages highly specialized for feeding and locomotion. |
| isopods | include terrestrial, freshwater,and marine species. ex pill bugs |
| decapods | marine. are all relatively large crustaceans and include lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp, krill, barnacles. |
| planktonic crustaceans | include many species of copepods and krill,which are among most numerous of all animals.vital parts of marine foodweb. |
| barnacles | mostly sessile crustaceans.have cuticle hardened into a shell,filter feeders. |
| shared characteristics define chordates and enchinoderms | deuterostomes,radial cleavage, mouth forms at end of gastrula opposite blastopose (becomes anus) |
| enchinoderms characteristcs | all marine,modifies radial symmetry,slow moving or sessile,thin epidermis covers an endoskeleton of hard calcareous plates.have water vascular system,separate male and female.sexual reproduction |
| water vascular syatem | network of hydraulic tubes branching into tube feet that function in locomotion,feeding& gas exchange. |
| asteroidea | sea stars.star shaped body with multiple arms; mouth directed to substrate |
| ophiuroidea | brittle stars.distinct central disk;long felxible arms; incomplete digestive system. |
| echinoidea | sea urchins, sand dollars.roughly spherical or disk-shaped;no arms;5 rows of tube feet;mouth ringed by complex jaw like structure. |
| crinoidae | sea lilies, feather stars. feathered arms surrounding unward-pointing mouth. |
| holothuroidea | sea cucumber. long shaped body;5rows of tube feet;reduced skeleton; no spines. |
| concentricycloidea | sea daisies. armless, disk-shaped body ringed with small spines; incomplete digestive system. |
| sea lilies and feather stars | live attached to substrate by a stalk. feather stars can crawl using long, flexible arms. |
| sea cucumbers | soft body, lack spines. endoskeleton much reduced.sperficially do not resemble other enchinoderms. have 5 rows of tube feet; some of these are developed as feeding tentacles. |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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