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Electrolytes
Stack #152058
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This electrolyte helps maintain action potentials, regulates protein synthesis, and glucose use and storage. It is also a check and balance mechanism for hydrogen ions | Potassium |
| This electrolyte is present in high amounts in the following foods: advocados, cantaloupe, bananas, and raisins | Potassium |
| Vomiting, diahrrea,GI suctioning, NPO status, anorexia nervosa,or too much insulin could result in what electrolyte imbalance? | Hypokalemia |
| Weakness, decreased tendon reflex, leg cramps, fatigue, U waves on ekg, confusion, lethargy,and polyuria can be indicators of what electrolyte imbalance? | Hypokalemia |
| Name possible interventions for hypokalemia | p.o. supplements, IV alloquats or additive to IV solution, potassium sparing diuretic, d/c loop or thiazides, high potassium diet |
| The following conditions are possible causes of this electrolyte imbalance: acidosis, burns, crushing injuries, or renal failure | Hyperkalemia |
| slow irregular heart rate, dysrythmias, muscle twitches, parasthesia,and diarrhea can all be indications of which electrolyte imbalance | Hyperkalemia |
| What interventions might be used on a client with hyperkalemia? | eliminate potassium supplements or potassium rich foods, give loop diuretics, give cation exchange resins(kayexelate), sodium bicarbonate via IV, Glucose and Insulin, Calcium IV, or dialysis |
| This electrolytes main functions are as follows: to maintain ECF osmolarity and ECF volume, transmission of nerve impulse, skeletal muscle contraction and cardiac contractility and renal concentrating system. | Sodium |
| This electrolyte could be found in high quantities in the following foods: soy sauce, pork, cheese, etc. | Sodium |
| This electrolyte is primarily regulated by the secretion of aldosterone | Sodium |
| Excessive diaphoresis, diuretics, NPO status, SIADH, tap water enemas or flushing NG tubes with water could cause which electrolyte disorder | Hyponatremia |
| Personality changes, headaches,ICP, weakness,and decreased muscle tone are all indicators of this electrolyte disorder | Hyponatremia |
| Name some interventions that might be used to correct hyponatremia | IV therapy(type would depend on cause), osmotic diuretics, ADH antagonists such as Lithium, Sodium Chloride tablets, increase oral intake of sodium with slight fluid restriction |
| Hyperaldosteronism, steroid use, renal failure, NPO status, fever or hypoventilation could cause the following electrolyte imbalance | Hypernatremia |
| Depending on the cause this electrolyte imbalance can manifest with short attention span, agitation, confusion , and twitching or lethargy, drowsiness, stupor, coma, and twitching | Hypernatremia |
| What interventions might be used for a client with hypernatremia | IV Therapy(type depends on cause), diuretics, sodium and fluid restrictions, and dialysis |
| This electrolyte has a normal serum level of 98-107. | Chloride |
| The functions of this electrolyte are as follows: maintenance of acid base balance, plasma electroneutrality, works with sodium to maintain fluid balance | Chloride |
| What are some interventions to treat the client with hypochloremia | IV therapy with 0.9% NS, ammonium chloride to treat metabolic alkalosis, oral replacement |
| The main functions of this electrolyte are as follows: formation and structure of bone and teeth, cell membrane permeability, impulse transmission and contraction of cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscle, clotting | Calcium |
| A diet rich in this electrolyte would include the following items: yogurt, milk, cheese, rhubarb, and collard greens. | Calcium |
| Thyrocalcitonin(TCT) is secreted from the thyroid gland with which electrolyte imbalance | Hypercalemia |
| These conditions might result in which electrolyte imbalance: lactose intolerance, celiacs disease, chron's disease,diarrhea,excessive wound drainage,parathyroid problems, etc. | Hypocalcemia |
| This electrolyte imbalance might manifest in the following ways: parasthesia, spasms in limp from distal to proximal, decreased blood pressure, + Trousseau's and Chvosteks sign | Hypocalcemia |
| What are some interventions for the client experiencing hypocalcemia | Oral calcium supplements, IV calcium, Vitamin D, give a muscle relaxant, increase calcium in diet, reduce environmental stimuli, prevent injury. |
| This electrolyte imbalance could be caused by the following conditions: renal failure, thiazide diuretics, hyperparathyroidism, cancer, and dehydration | Hypercalcemia |
| This imbalance might manifest in the following ways: shallow ineffective respirations, disorientation, lethargy, coma, skeletal muscle weakness, increased urine output, with early stages increased heart rate, increased BP, but with late stages decreased h | Hypercalcemia |
| What interventions might the nurse provide for the client experiencing hypercalcemia | IV therapy(0.9%NS), hold all meds(IV or oral) containing vitamin D or calcium, loop diuretics,calcium chelators(like plicamycin),calcium resorption inhibitors(like calcitonin), dereased intake of calcium rich food,dialysis |
| The normal serum level for this electrolyte is 1.5-2.5 | Magnesium |
| This electrolytes functions include muscle contraction,carbohydrate metabolism, DNA and protein synthesis when present intracellularly and blood cagulation and skeletal muscle contractility when present extracellularly | Magnesium |
| This electrolyte is found in high quantities in these foods: nuts, vegetables,fish, whole grains, and in avocados | Magnesium |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates the release of what electrolyte from the bone | Magnesium |
| This electrolyte imbalance might show the following symptoms: dysrythmias, decreased BP, shallow respirations, twitches, hyperreflexia,seizures, irritability and confusion | Hypomagnesemeia |
| What interventions might a client with hypomagnesia | d/c diuretics,aminoglycosides,and phosphorus, IV replacement, avoid oral replacement, and eat a diet rich in magnesium |
| This electrolyte imbalance might display the following signs and symptoms: decreased heart rate and BP, drowsiness leading to coma, decreased deep tendon reflex,and weak voluntary muscle contractions | Hypermagnesia |
| This electolyte has a normal serum value of 2.7-4.5 | Phosphorus |
| The function of this electrolyte is acid-base buffering and calcium homeostasis. | Phosphorus |
| This electrolyte can be found in in high quantities in these foods:nuts, legumes,dairy products, red meat,organ meat, bran, and whole grains | Phosphorus |
| This electrolyte imbalance could manifest with the following signs and symptoms: decreased CO, myocardial depression,skeletal muscle weakness,and decreased bone density | hypophosphatemia |
| What interventions might be used with a client with hypophosphatemia | d/c meds that contribute to the problem such as antacids, osmotic diuretics, and calcium supplements, oral replacement, IV replacement-only if below 1(very rare),eat diet rich in phosphorus and low in calcium |
| This electrolyte imbalance can be caused by renal insufficiency, cancer treatments, increased intake, or hypoparathyroidism | Hyperphosphatemia |
| What interventions might you expect to see for a client experiencing hyperphosphatemia | This imbalance causes few direct problems but most issues due to corresponding hypocalcemia. Interventions would be to treat low calcium |
| Active transport, the kidneys, and ph all help regulate this electrolyte | Potassium |
| Electrolyte imbalance where Aldosterone secretion is stimulated and ADH and Atrial natriuretic peptide secretions are inhibited. | Hyponatremia |
| The electrolyte that the kidneys try to balance with HCO3- levels. | Chloride |
| Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) is secreted by the thyroid gland with this imbalance. | Hypercalcemia |
| Increased PTH secretion results in a decrease of the blood level of this electrolyte. | Phosphorus |
| Intracellular dehydration is caused by this electrolyte imbalance. | Hypernatremia |
| This is a drug that binds with potassium to cause the patient to eliminate it. | Kayexelate |
| This medication binds with Calcium to treat hypercalcemia | What is the Ca++ chelator – plicamycin (Mithracin)? |
| This type of diuretic is added to the medication regime of a CHF patient being treated with Lasix who is having problems with hypokalemia. | Potassium Sparing Diruetics |
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kitsmommy
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