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Pharmacology
Pharm LPN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Method of organizing drugs based on their therapeutic usefulness in TX particular diseases. | Therapeutic Classification |
| related to the chemical or official name. This name is usually lower case. | Generic Name |
| refers to the way an agent works at the cellular, tissue, body system level. | Pharmacologic Classification |
| designated and patented by the manufacture. This name is usually capitalized. | Trade (brand) Name |
| Medications administered this way have no pharmaceutic phase | SubQ, IM, IV |
| This phase includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion | pharmacokinetic phase |
| Pharmaceutic phase = | Disintegration and Dissolution |
| These remain in the gut for a longer period of time which delay their effect and should not be crushed. | Enteric Coated drugs |
| This phase is where the drug is processed to achieve drug action | pharmacokinetic phase |
| Movement of a substance from site of administration, across the body membranes, to circulating fluids | Absorption |
| What affects drug absorption? | Blood flow, Pain, Stress, Hunger, fasting, food, and PH |
| This is the percent of the administered drug dose that reaches circulation. | Bioavailibility |
| the process where the drug becomes available to body fluids and tissue | Distribution |
| drugs that are not bound to protein are | Free Drugs |
| Causes of low serum albumin levels | Malnutrition, Liver/kidney disease, advanced aging |
| Serum albumin levels between 3.5 - 5.0 g/dL are | Normal |
| Severe depletion of serum albumin is less than | 2.1 |
| The Liver is the primary site for | Metabolism |
| the time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated | Half Life |
| Kidney’s is the main organ for | excretion |
| Creatinine is normally measured through | urine and blood serum |
| Disintegration of dosage form. Break down of drug | Pharmaceutical phase |
| Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion | Pharmacokinetic phase |
| Drug-receptor interaction. Effect of medication. | Pharmacodynamics phase |
| The study of drug concentration and the effects it has on the body | Pharmacodynamics |
| a desirable effect | Primary effect |
| desirable or undesirable effect | Secondary Effect |
| time it takes for the medication to reach minimum effective concentration | onset |
| the medication has reached its highest blood level or plasma concentration. | peak |
| the length of time the medication has a pharmacologic effect | Duration |
| lowest plasma concentration of a drug | trough |
| rate of absorption | Peak |
| rate of elimination | trough |
| Used for immediate medication response, a large dose (higher amount), given for rapid effective concentration in the plasma or Prime the bloodstream with a level sufficient to quickly induce a therapeutic response | Loading dose |
| Five rights | Right PT. Right drug Right dose Right time Right route |
| Antidote to Narcotics | Narcan |
| major adverse effects of narcotics | resp. depression, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension, constipation |
| Labs for narcotics | Liver func., Renal Func. , |
| Renal Func. Labs | BUN, Creatinine, GFR |
| Liver (hepatic) Func labs | AST, ALT |
| Most common non narcotic analgesics are | NSAIDS |
| ASA is | asprin |
| max daily dose for ASA and acetaminophen | 3g |
| major adverse effects of non narcotic analgesics | GI Disturbance, Bleeding, constipation, hearing loss |
| labs for non narcotic analgesics | Liver, CBC, platelets, PT |
| PCN | Penicillin |
| Biggest concern with -cillins | Super infection |
| labs for PCN | CBC w/ or w/out diff, liver, renal, electrolytes |
| Sulfonamide (bactrim) education | Empty stomach, increase fluid intake to 2500-300 ml/24hr |
| labs for sulfonamides | liver func, UA, CBC |
| Big three w/ aminoglycosides(gentamicin) | Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity |
| labs for aminoglycosides | Liver func, renal func, CBC |
| fluoroquinolones (cipro) concerns | photo sensitivity, increased coumadin effect |
| labs for fluoroquinolones (cipro) | CBC, Liver func, Renal func |
| these drugs are frequently used in pts allergic to PCN | cephlasporins |
| labs for cephlasporins | Liver func, Renal func, PT, Ptt, cbc |
| Big effects of vancomycin | ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, phlebitis, red mans syndrome |
| red mans syndrome occurs with | vancomycin |
| vancomycin Labs | peak and trough, Renal func, CBC W/ diff |
| when do you draw peak | 5-10 min |
| when do you draw trough | 30 mins before next dose |
| Do not touch this antianginal w/o gloves | nitroglycerin |
| this type of angina occurs w/ stress, during excretion, and disappears w/ rest | classic/stable |
| this type of angina may signal an impeding heart attack | unstable/preinfarction |
| what do you document with anginal pain | onset, type, radiation, location, duration |
| labs with anti anginal | electrolytes, LIver func, Renal func, pulse ox, abg |
| Do not give digoxin when the heart rate is | below 60 or above 120 |
| this drug increases the contractillity of the heart | digoxin |
| s/s of digoxin toxicity | n/v, green and yellow halos |
| normal dig level | 0.5 - 2 |
| normal potassium level | 3.5 - 5.0 |
| labs for digoxin | dig level, electrolytes, renal func |
| the antidote for heparin is | protamine sulfate |
| the antidote for coumadin is | vitamin K ( aqua myphyton), then whole blood or ffp |
| side effects of anti coagulents | hemorrhage, petichiae, thrombocyclopenia |
| PTT normal value | 30 - 45 secs |
| Pt normal value | 11-13 secs |
| normal INR | 0.9-1.2 |
| therapeutic INR | 2-3 times the norm |
| mechanical valve INR | 2.5 - 3.5 times the norm |
| common anti platelet drugs | ASA, plavix |
| labs for anti platelet | CBC w/ diff (platelet count) |
| Lab for lovonox | CBC w/ diff (platelet count) |
| the antidote for thrombolitic agents | amicar |
| labs for thrombolytics | platlets, INR, glucose, STEM, thrombin, fibrin |
| common potassium sparing antihypertensive | aldactone |
| what is used to decrease potassium | kexcelate |
| labs for antihypertensives | electrolytes, cbc, glucose, renal func, cholesterol |
| things you monitor with diuretics | BP, I & O, daily weight |
| these drugs end in -pril | ace inhibitors |
| powerful vasoconstrictor, decreases bp | ace inhibitor |
| these drugs end in -lol | beta blockers |
| vasodilators and decreases contractility of the heart | beta blockers |
| these drugs end in -pine | calcium channel blockers |
| inhibits cardiac excitation by blocking transport of calcium to the heart | calcium channel blockers |
| blocks vasoconstrictiont | angiotensin II receptor blocker |
| these drugs end in -statin | lipid lowering agents |
| labs for lipid lowering agents | lipid panel, liver enzymes |
| rhabdomyolysis is common w/ | statins |
| hot and dry | sugar high |
| cold and clammy | need some candy |
| labs for hypoglycemic agents | BGM |
| s/s of hypoglycemia | confusion, double and blurred vision, tachycardia,palpitation, diaphoresis, shakiness, sweating, hunger, H/A, tremors, weakness |
| poly's of hyperglycemia | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia |
| labs for thyroid replacement drugs | TSH, T3, T4, cbc, liver |
| labs for antacids | magnesium, and calcium |
| these antiulcer drugs must be admin on empty stomach 30 mins before eating | ppi |
| these antiulcer drugs reduce the secretion of gastric acid | h2 antagonist |
| labs for antiulcer drugs | electrolytes, urinary ph, calcium and phosphate |
| labs for neurologic agents | liver, platlets, ecg, electrolytes, cbc, pancreatic enzymes |
| labs for respiratory agents | pft, cbc, abg, complete metabolic planel |
| most common use is for allergies | antihistamines |
| used to relive bronchospasms | bronchodilators |
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