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Chapter 6 Vocab

Vocab

TermDefinition
Enzyme Special protein that speeds up chemical reactions in biological processes
Ionic Bond Electrical attraction between 2 oppositely charged atoms or molecules
Activation Energy Amount of energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction
Nucleus Center of an atom
Compound Pure substance formed by 2 or more different elements
Macromolecule Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller molecules or atoms
Carbohydrate Compound composed of only CHO; short-term energy storage
Amino Acid Small compounds made of CHNOS; combine to form proteins
Molecule Compound in which atoms are held together by covalent bonds
Protein Compound made from amino acids, involved in every function of a living organism
Neutron Particle in a nucleus without a charge
Reactant Substances present at the start of a chemical reaction
Lipid Molecules made mostly of CH; long-term energy storage
Product Substances present at the end of a chemical reaction
Polymer Molecules made from repeating smaller units
Covalent Bond Electrons are shared between atoms
Nucleic Acid Complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information (DNA and RNA)
Chemical Reaction Process of rearranging atoms and molecules into different substances
Electron Negatively charged particles in an atom
Substrate Reactant(s) that bind with an enzyme
Isotope Element which has a different number of neutrons
Active Site Specific location on an enzyme where a substrate binds
Atom Building blocks of matter
Ion Atom which has gained or lost an electron
Element Pure substance that cannot be broken down physically or chemically
Catalyst Substance which lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction
Nucleotide Repeating subunits of nucleic acids
Proton Positively charged particles in a nucleus
Polar Molecules Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges
Polarity Property of having two opposite poles, or ends
Hydrogen Bond Weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom
Mixture Combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties
Homogeneous Mixture Mixture has a uniform composition throughout
Solution Another name for a homogeneous mixture
Solvent Substance in which another substance is dissolved
Solute Substance that is dissolved in the solvent
Heterogeneous Mixture Mixture that contains distinct components
Colloid Heterogeneous mixture in which the particles do not settle out like the sand settled from the water
Acids Substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
Bases Substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
pH Measure of concentration of H+ in a solution
Buffers Mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range.
Macromolecules Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
Polymers Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers that are linked together by a series of covalent bonds
Carbohydrates Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom
Monosaccharides Biologically important carbohydrates that have values of n ranging from three to seven
Lipids Molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes.
Nucleotides Smaller repeating subunits that nucleic acids are made of
Created by: krobrien
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