adenosine diphosphate

a nucleotide that functions in the transfer of energy during the catabolism of glucose, formed by the removal of a phosphate from adenosine triphosphate and composed of adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups.

adenosine triphosphate

a nucleotide that is the primary source of energy in all living cells because of its function in donating a phosphate group during biochemical activities; composed of adenosine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

A series of chemical reactions that occurs as part of the dark reactions of photosynthesis, in which carbon is broken away from gaseous carbon dioxide and fixed as organic carbon in compounds that are ultimately used to make sugars and starch as food.

the green pigment of plant leaves and algae, essential to their production of carbohydrates by photosynthesis.

electron transport chain

series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.

light-dependent reactions

Any of the chemical reactions that take place during the first stage of photosynthesis and require the presence of light.

light-independent reactions

Any of the chemical reactions that take place during the second stage of photosynthesis and do not require light

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP+ or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a coenzyme used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent.

To replace lost electrons molecules of water are split in the first photosystem

The proscess that uses the sun's energy to make simple sugers

Molecules that absorbspecific wavelengths of sunlight

living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen

alcoholic fermentation

a process in which some sugars (as glucose) are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by the action of various yeasts, molds, or bacteria on carbohydrate materials

living, active, or occurring in the absence of free oxygen

any of various energy-yielding oxidative reactions in living matter that typically involve transfer of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide and water as end products

a sequence of reactions in the living organism in which oxidation of acetic acid or acetyl equivalent provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds

the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate (as glucose or glycogen) by way of phosphate derivatives with the production of pyruvic or lactic acid and energy stored in high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP

latic acid fermentation

is a biological process by which glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate

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ch.9 vocab

Term	Definition
adenosine diphosphate	a nucleotide that functions in the transfer of energy during the catabolism of glucose, formed by the removal of a phosphate from adenosine triphosphate and composed of adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups.
adenosine triphosphate	a nucleotide that is the primary source of energy in all living cells because of its function in donating a phosphate group during biochemical activities; composed of adenosine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
calvin cycle	A series of chemical reactions that occurs as part of the dark reactions of photosynthesis, in which carbon is broken away from gaseous carbon dioxide and fixed as organic carbon in compounds that are ultimately used to make sugars and starch as food.
chlorophyll	the green pigment of plant leaves and algae, essential to their production of carbohydrates by photosynthesis.
electron transport chain	series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.
light-dependent reactions	Any of the chemical reactions that take place during the first stage of photosynthesis and require the presence of light.
light-independent reactions	Any of the chemical reactions that take place during the second stage of photosynthesis and do not require light
NADP+	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP+ or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a coenzyme used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent.
Photolysis	To replace lost electrons molecules of water are split in the first photosystem
Photosynthesis	The proscess that uses the sun's energy to make simple sugers
Pigment	Molecules that absorbspecific wavelengths of sunlight
Aerobic	living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen
alcoholic fermentation	a process in which some sugars (as glucose) are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by the action of various yeasts, molds, or bacteria on carbohydrate materials
anaerobic	living, active, or occurring in the absence of free oxygen
cellular respiration	any of various energy-yielding oxidative reactions in living matter that typically involve transfer of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide and water as end products
citric acid cycle	a sequence of reactions in the living organism in which oxidation of acetic acid or acetyl equivalent provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds
glycolysis	the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate (as glucose or glycogen) by way of phosphate derivatives with the production of pyruvic or lactic acid and energy stored in high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP
latic acid fermentation	is a biological process by which glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate

Created by: lovemonkey318

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