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Med Surg Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ketoacidosis, renal failure, shock, and severe diarrhea can cause which pH imbalance? | Metabolic Acidosis |
| the heavy deep breathing used to treat metabolic acidosis is called what? | Kussmaul's Respirations |
| Anesthesia, respiratory depression, drug over dose, and COPD can cause which pH imbalance? | Respiratory acidosis |
| hypoventilations, SOB, muscle weakness, and disorientation are manifested by which acid-base imbalance? | Respiratory acidosis |
| Severe vomiting and GI suctioning can cause which pH imbalance? | Metabolic alkalosis |
| nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypoventilation, and restlessness followed by lethargy are manifested by which pH imbalance | metabolic alkalosis |
| hyperventilation and anxiety can cause which pH imbalance | respiratory alkalosis |
| seizures, tachycardia, hypokalemia, and hyperventilation are manifested by which pH imbalance | respiratory alkalosis |
| Normal CO2 | 35-45 |
| Normal HCO3 | 22-26 |
| Normal blood pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| partial blood flow is blocked through the arteries causes insufficient blood supply to the myocardium - name that disease | Ischemia (CAD) |
| complete blockage of blood flow through the arteries leading to cardiac cell death | Infarction (CAD) |
| Progressive blockage of the cardiac arteries characterized by plaque build up | atherosclerosis (CAD) |
| Types of angina | Stable: predictable times Variable: unpredictable times Unstable: unpredictable, worsening each time |
| Medications used to treat angina | nitrates |
| Manifestations of MI | SOB, tachycardia, hypotension to hypertension, sweating, anxiety, angina |
| describe MONA and what it's used for | Morphine, Oxygen, Nitro, and Aspirin Used on patients with MI |
| Plavix, Trental, and Persantine class and use | antiplatelet peripheral vascular disease |
| Coumadin, Lovenox, and Heparin class and uses | anticoagulant DVT |
| three factors affecting DVT development | blood stasis, vessel damage, increased coagulation factors |
| manifestations of DVT | edema, tenderness, redness, warmth, and tightness |
| Toponin diagnostic use | diagnoses MI within 2 hrs of MI enzyme specific to cardiac muscle |
| intermittent claudication, burning pain at rest, shiny hairless skin, and thick nails are manifestations of what disease? | peripheral vascular disease |
| disease causing inflammation of the lung tissue and alveoli which then causes fluid and debris build up and interrupts gas exchange | pneumonia |
| non-infectious pneumonia is generally caused by what | aspiration of gastric content |
| A patient with pneumonia would be put on these medication classes | antibiotics, bronchodilators, expectorant cough syrup |
| COPD characterized by inflammation and damage to the alveoli inhibiting gas exchange | emphysema |
| COPD characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes inhibiting air flow in and out of the lungs | bronchitis |
| mild cough, scant clear sputum, flushed face, with diminished lung sounds indicated which type of COPD | emphysema |
| persistent cough, copious amounts of thick sputum, cyanotic face and lips, with wheezing and rhonchi indicate which type of COPD | bronchitis |
| pursed lip breathing, barrel chest, clubbed fingers, and fatigue characterize which disease | COPD |
| a patient being tested for COPD will likely have these diagnostic tests | pulmonary function test and serum anti-trypsin levels |
| a patient with COPD will be treated with these drug classes | bronchodilator, corticosteroid, and oxygen |
| airways narrowing in response to a stimuli which decreases air flow | asthma |
| a breathing conditions manifested with anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, wheezing, and chest tightness | asthma |
| when treating a patient with asthma having an asthma episode use these medications in this order | bronchodilators then inhaled corticosteroids |
| when a thrombus breaks free and blocks blood flow to the lungs it is called a | pulmonary emboli |
| a breathing condition manifested by anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, bloody sputum, blood pressure changes, low grade fever, crackles, and chest pain | pulmonary emboli |
| a patient being testing for a pulmonary emboli will likely have this diagnostic test done | Plasma D-dimer detects thrombus formation |
| surgical options for a patient with a pulmonary emboli include | vena cava filter and embolectomy |
| medications used to treat pulmonary embolism include | anticoagulants and Fibrinolytic |
| streptokinase and urokinase class and use | Fibrinolytic pulmonary embolism |
| pulmonary embolism risk factors include | immobility, oral contraceptives, and child birth |
| an infection characterized by dysuria, increase in frequency, increased urgency, foul-smelling urine, blood tinged urine, or supra pubic pain | uti or cystitis |
| Ciprofloxacin class and use | antibiotic short course uti treatment |
| Pyridium class and use | urinary analgesic uti treatemt stains secretions orange |
| Macrobid class and use | anti-infective prevention of uti in high risk clients |
| define pyelonephritis | kidney infection |
| define urosepsis | blood infection spread from the urinary tract |
| manifestations of pyelonephritis | dysuria, frequency, urgency, cloudy urine, flank pain, low grade fever |
| a patient with pyelonephritis would be put on these drug classes for treatment | antibiotic (cipro) and urinary analgesic (pyridium) |
| define Urolithiasis | urinary tract stones |
| severe flank pain, sweating, pallor, frequency, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, and renal colic are manifestations of | urinary tract stones |
| a patient with a Uretolithiasis may be put in these med classes | opioid analgesic and spasmolytic |
| a patient with nephrolithiasis that are too large to pass may be treated with | lithotripsy |
| a patient comes into his doctor complaining of hesitancy urinating, post-void drip, feeling incomplete urination, and increase in urgency, frequency and nocturia. what might his diagnoses be | benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BPH) |
| A patient suspected of BPH may undergo these diagnostic procedures | digital rectal exam, bladder palpation, and PSA to rule out cancer |
| A patient with BPH may be put on one of these three medications | Proscar, Hytrin, or Flomax |
| this type of cancer is the slowest progressing and has a predictable course. It may cause difficulty urinating and hematuria. | Prostate cancer |
| A patient with suspected prostate cancer might have these diagnostic tests done | digital rectal exam, PSA test, ultrasound, and biopsy |
| usually affects bone shaft, characterized by greater bone diameter with decrease in bone density and increased risk of fractures | osteoporosis |
| DEXA diagnostic use | bone density scan osteoporosis |
| an older woman presents to her doctor with a fractured wrist, she also has kyphosis, loss of height by 1 inch and lower back pain. What diagnoses might be suspected | osteoporosis |
| A patient with osteoporosis may be taking one of these medications | Fosamax, Boniva, evista, or miacalcin |
| describe osteomyelitis | infection of the bone tissue causing inflammation and thrombus formation |
| drainage and ulceration at the site, high fever, abrupt onset of pain, redness, swelling, and tachycardia are all manifestations of which bone condition | osteomyelitis |
| A fat embolism released by a broken bone may cause manifestations like | Petechial rash, confusion and respiratory failure |
| patient presents to the ER with severe pain, you also notice the left leg is externally rotated and appears shorter than the right leg. you suspect | hip fracture |
| describe bucks traction and its use | use weights on the leg to prevent muscle spasms hip fractures |
| Complications associated with amputations include | contractures, phantom pain, slow healing, and infection |
| Post-amputation care | elevate for first 24 hr after 24 h: flat/prone positioning to prevent contractures |
| autoimmune disease involving joint pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. Includes inflammatory response, is bilateral and systemic | RA |
| loss of cartilage resulting in decreased ability of joints to absorb energy and bone-on-bone rubbing at the joints. Non-inflammatory and not systemic | osteoarthritis |
| arthritis associated with stiff joints, crepitus noises and pain relieved by rest | osteoarthritis |
| arthritis that may cause anemia, fatigue, weight loss and joint deformity | RA |
| a patient with suspected RA may undergo these tests | ESR (checks for inflammation) and RF |
| A patient with osteoarthritis may be taking these medications | analgesics (motrin, aleve, Tylenol, aspirin), salicylate cream, capsaicin cream, or synvisc injections |
| a patient with RA may be treated with some of these meds | NSAIDs (aspirin, voltaren, aleve), corticosteroids (Prednisone), or disease modifying agents (Plaquenil, Methotrexate) |
| disease symptomatic of RA with a characteristic butterfly mark on the face and sensitivity to the sun | Lupus |
| a patient with gout may be taking some of these medications | analgesics, colchicine, corticosteroids, allopurinol, or probenecid |
| a patient with suspected GERD may undergo one of these diagnostic tests | barium swallow test or upper endoscopy |
| describe GERD | inappropriate relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter |
| PPI meds | (-zoles) prevacid, protonix, nexium, Prilosec |
| H-2 receptor blocks | Tagamet, zantac, pepcid |
| antacids | Maalox, Mylanta, gaviscon, tums |
| anti-ulcer agents | Carafate give on empty stomach |
| promotility agents | Reglan |
| describe gastritis | disruption in mucosal lining exposes tissues to gastric fluid and causes inflammation |
| describe hiatal hernia | part of the stomach slides or rolls through the diaphragm causes esophageal irritation, indigestion, and aspiration risk |
| A patient presents to the doctors with gnawing pain that is relieved by eating, you suspect this | peptic ulcer disease |
| complications of peptic ulcer disease include | hemorrhage, perforation, and obstruction |
| Peptic ulcers, gastritis, and hiatal hernias may be caused from a bacterial infection of | H Pylori |
| a patient presents to the ER with a rigid, board-like abdomen, rebound tenderness, a high fever, absent bowel sounds and the hiccups, you may suspect | peritonitis r/t perforation |
| what kind of line can TPN be used through | central line only |
| how often does a TPN bag and tubing need to be changed | every 24 hours |
| why is these a high risk for infection with TPN | TPN has a high glucose concentration |
| what kind of line can PPN be used through | peripheral or central line |
| describe mechanical and functional intestinal obstructions | mechanical: impactions and obstructions functional: due to paralysis or anesthesia |
| interventions for a bowel obstruction | NG suctioning, bowel rest, pain management |
| a patient presents to the ER with rebound tenderness, vague upper abdomen pain, jaundice, itching, and changes in stool. you may suspect | Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gall bladder) |
| a patient with a biliary disorder can expect to have this diagnostic test performed | HIDA scan (gall bladder scan) |
| treatment options for a patient with colorectal cancer include | resectioning, chemotherapy, and radiation |
| describe Hernia | defect in the abdominal wall that allows contents to protrude out of the abdominal cavity |
| manifestations and complications of hernias | pain with coughing perforation, obstruction, incarceration |
| A patient presents to the ER with a distended abdomen, left sided pain, low grade fever, and palpable masses in the abdomen. This patient has recently consumed a bag of sun flower seeds. You suspect | Diverticulitis |
Created by:
jperrault9941
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