Small units, or monomers, that make up DNA. Each consists of a phosphate group, the sugar deoxyribose and one of four nitrogenous bases.

The shape of a DNA molecule, looks like a twisted ladder.

Rule that summarizes how the four nitrogenous bases pair.

The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle.

A group of enzymes that bond the new nucleotides together during replication.

In molecular biology it is the idea that information flows in one direction: DNA to RNA to proteins.

A short, single stranded molecule used to move information from the nucleus out into the cytoplasam, specifically to the ribosomes.

The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complimentary strand of RNA.

This enzyme catalyzes (speeds up) transcription.

An intermediate message that is translated to form a protein.

Forms part of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories.

Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein.

The process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide.

Three nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.

Signals the end of an amino acid chain.

Signals for the start of translation and the amino acid methionine.

A set of three nucleotides that is complimentary to an mRNA codon.

DNA segment that allows a gene to be transcribed, it helps RNA polymerase find where a gene starts.

Region of DNA that includes a promoter, an operator, and one or more structural genes that code for all the proteins needed to do a specific task.

In eukaryotes these are nucleotide segments that code for parts of the protein.

These nucleotide segments intervene or occur, between exons.

Involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

A mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another one.

Agents in the environment that can change DNA.

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Biology Ch 8

From DNA to Proteins

Question	Answer
Bacteriophage	Viruses that infect bacteria.
Nucleotide	Small units, or monomers, that make up DNA. Each consists of a phosphate group, the sugar deoxyribose and one of four nitrogenous bases.
Double Helix	The shape of a DNA molecule, looks like a twisted ladder.
Base Pairing Rule	Rule that summarizes how the four nitrogenous bases pair.
Replication	The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle.
DNA Polymerase	A group of enzymes that bond the new nucleotides together during replication.
Central Dogma	In molecular biology it is the idea that information flows in one direction: DNA to RNA to proteins.
RNA	A short, single stranded molecule used to move information from the nucleus out into the cytoplasam, specifically to the ribosomes.
Transcription	The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complimentary strand of RNA.
RNA Polymerase	This enzyme catalyzes (speeds up) transcription.
Messenger RNA	An intermediate message that is translated to form a protein.
Ribosomal RNA	Forms part of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories.
Transfer RNA	Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein.
Translation	The process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide.
Codon	Three nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.
Stop Codon	Signals the end of an amino acid chain.
Start Codon	Signals for the start of translation and the amino acid methionine.
Anticodon	A set of three nucleotides that is complimentary to an mRNA codon.
Promoter	DNA segment that allows a gene to be transcribed, it helps RNA polymerase find where a gene starts.
Operon	Region of DNA that includes a promoter, an operator, and one or more structural genes that code for all the proteins needed to do a specific task.
Exon	In eukaryotes these are nucleotide segments that code for parts of the protein.
Intron	These nucleotide segments intervene or occur, between exons.
Mutation	A change in an organisms DNA.
Frameshift Mutation	Involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
Point Mutation	A mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another one.
Mutagen	Agents in the environment that can change DNA.

Created by: cormicanr

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