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LD BIO CH 25
LD BIO CH 25 MENDELAN GENETICS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| GENETICS | The study of heredity |
| HEREDITY | The passing of genes from parent to offspring. Passed through DNA not blood. |
| GENE | A section of giant DNA molecules found in chromosomes that hold genetic information |
| TRAIT | A characteristic held by an organism |
| GREGOR MENDEL | The father of genetics. Worked with pea plants. Studied one trait at a time, used mathematics and large numbers |
| LAW OF DOMINANCE | Crossing dominant traits and recessive traits. Dominant will be expressed. |
| DOMINANT | Characteristic that is expressed (Ex: TT = pure tall trait) |
| RECESSIVE | Characteristic masked by dominant trait (EX: tt = pure short) |
| HYBRID | One dominant and one recessive trait (Ex: Tt = Hybrid tall) |
| HOMOZYGOUS | TT or tt - "Pure Trait" |
| HETEROZYGOUS | Tt = "Hybrid Trait" |
| GENOTYPE | Genetic makeup expressed in words or letters |
| PHENOTYPE | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| PUNNET SQUARE | Helps us figure out chances for the production of various kinds of gametes and zygotes. |
| F1 (FILIAL OR FIRST) GENERATION | The first generation produced in a breeding experiment. |
| P (PARENT) GENERATION | The starting generation in a breeding experiment |
| LAW OF SEGREGATION | States that the members of each pair of alleles separate when gametes are formed. They separate and recombine. |
| LAW OF PROBABILITY | The principle stating that if there are several possible events that might happen, and no one of them is more likely to happen than any other, then they will happen in equal numbers over a large number of trails. |
| TEST CROSS | A genetic cross in which a test organism showing the dominant trait is crossed with one showing the recessive trait; used to determine whether the test organism is homozygous dominant or heterozygous. |
| MONOHYBRID CROSS | Cross between one pair of contrasting traits |
| DIHYBRID CROSS | Cross between two pairs of contrasting traits |
| LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT | States that the pairs of alleles separates independently of one another during gamete formation. Applies to genes on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome. Randomness. |
| INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE | Traits that are intermediate between parents. Blending! (ex: a cross involving two pink flowers) |
| CODOMINANCE | Expression of two dominant alleles. In contrasting genes, neither gen is dominant over the other, both genes show up. (Ex: Blood Types) |
| MULTIPLE ALLELES | Three or more different forms of a gene, each producing a different phenotype |
| ALLELE | Alternate form of a gene. (Ex: traits for tallness and shortness). They occupy the same spot on a chromosome. Pairs of them are restored in fertilization. Two of them may or may not contain the same information. The dominant trait is expressed. |
| AB BLOOD TYPE | Codominant Blood Type. A universal recipient, has both antigens and contains no antibodies. |
| O BLOOD TYPE | Recessive Blood Type. Has no antigens, universal donor and has both anti-bodies. |
| A BLOOD TYPE | Has antigen A on its RBC |
| B BLOOD TYPE | Has antigen B on its RBC |
| BLOOD | Has RBC, WBC, plasma and platelets. Contains antibodies that will bind to foreign RBC. |
| ANTIGEN | Any substance that can cause an immune response. |
| RH FACTOR | A group of antigens found on the surface of red blood cells (RBC) |
| SEX DETERMINATION | The male determines the sex of the offspring. |
Created by:
desilva13
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