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RNA

Transcription, Translation & Mutation

TermDefinition
RNA A single chain of nucleotides that has uracil
mRNA (messenger RNA) carries copies of instructions for polypeptide synthesis from the nucleus to ribosomes.
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) forms an important part of both subunits of the ribosomes, the cell structures where proteins are assembled
tRNA (Transfer RNA) Carries amino acid to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message
Transcription Segements of DNA serve as a template to produce complementary RNA molecules.
RNA Polymerase An enzyme that binds to DNA during transcription and separated the DNA strands. Using one strand as a template it adds nucleotides into a complementary RNA strand.
promoters Signals in the DNA that show RNA polymerase exactly where to begin making RNA .
Interon The portion of RNA that has be edited and cut out.
exons After portions of the RNA have been cut out the pieces that were spliced back together to form mRNA.
genetic code The sequence of bases in mRNA to determine the types and order of amino acids in a polypeptide to determine the properties of the protein.
Poplypeptide A chain of amino acids.
codon The three letter code that correspondes to a single amino acid.
translation The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein.
anticodon Each codon attracts a complementary seqence of bases on tRNA.
Gene expression The way in which DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells.
mutations Inheritable changes in genetic information.
Gene mutation Point mutations and Frameshift
Chromosomal mutation Deletions, Duplication, inversions, and translocations.
Point mutations A change in one or a few nucleotide. Include Substitutions, insertions, and deletions.
Frameshift mutations One base is inserted or removed from the DNA Sequence.
Mutagens Chemical or physical agents in the environment that mutations.
polyploidy In plants in which an organism has extra set of chromosomes. The plants are often larger, stronger, sweeter (fruit).
Created by: ccrews
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