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Volcanoes
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Thin magma | Low Silica Content, hotter, flows quickly,dark color, forms basalt, quiet eruptions, Hawaii, Pahoehoe( fast) and Aa (slow) lava. | ||
| Thick magma | High Silica content, cooler, flows slowly, light color, forms granite, explosive, violent eruptions, Mt. St. Helens,Pyroclastic flow ( with rocks, cinders, and ash ). | ||
| Pyroclastic Flow | occurs when an explosive eruption hurls out ash, gases, cinders, and bombs. | ||
| Crater | Forms around the vent and looks like a bowl. | ||
| Vent | An opening at the top of the volcano | ||
| Side vent | An opening on the side of the volcano | ||
| Lava flow | When the lava pours out and down | ||
| Pipe | A vertical crack that leads to the surface | ||
| Magma chamber | A pocket formed when magma rises and stores magma | ||
| Volcanic neck | Forms when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe | ||
| Batholith | A mass if rock formed when. A large body of magma cools inside the crust. | ||
| Dike | Formed when magma that forces itself across rock layers harden | ||
| Sill | Formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock | ||
| Ring of fire | Volcanoes along convergent boundaries ( subduction zones- oceanic / continental plates) form when the crust melts in the mantle and then rises back up. It's located along the rim of the Pacific Ocean | ||
| Island arc | Volcanoes along convergent boundaries of oceanic /oceanic or oceanic / continental plates. Magma breaks through the ocean floor and builds tall mountains that reach the surface of the water. | ||
| Hot spot | An area where magma melts through the crust like a blow torch . It's not near a plate boundary. | ||
| Lava plateau | An eruption that forms plateaus. Formed by layers of ash and lava. Lava floods solidify on earlier floods. | ||
| Caldera | When the top of a volcano or mountain collapses inward , the hole made is the caldera. | ||
| Cinder cone volcano | A steep, cone shaped hill or mountain. If a volcano's lava is thick and stiff, it can produce ash, cinders, and bombs. The materials pile up around the vent in a cone shaped pile | ||
| Shield volcano | Formed when thin layers of lava pour out of a vent and harden no top of previous layers. The lava flows gradually build a wide, gently sloping mountain. | ||
| Composite volcano | Lava flows alternate with explosive eruptions of ash, cinder, and bombs. They are tall , cone shaped mountains. Layers of ash alternate with layers of lava. | ||
| Active volcano | It's erupting, or will erupt soon | ||
| Dormant volcano | Sleeping, will erupt some day | ||
| Extinct volcano | Dead, unlikely to ever erupt again | ||
| How volcanoes are constructive | They add new land such as islands | ||
| How volcanoes are destructive | When it's violent eruptions killing homes, villages, people, and crops | ||
| Why volcanoes occur along plate boundaries | Pieces of the earth's crust are weak and fractured ( divergent and convergent boundaries ) allowing magma to reach the surface | ||
| Magma | A molten mixture of rock - forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle | ||
| Lava | Magma that comes to the earth's surface. |
Created by:
sancheza158
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