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Bio concepts 2

Chapter 34 Vertebrates

QuestionAnswer
Vertebrates series of bones comprising the back bone/spine and protecting hollow dorsal nerve cord.
Earliest vertebrates Cambrian period. one kind of Cambrian animal gave rise to vertebrates, one of the most successful groups of animals.
what is the subphylum and phylum of vertebrates? Chordata
Chordates bilaterian animals that belong to clad deuterostomia
what are the invertebrate deuterostomes spieces with a notochord urochordates and cephalochordates(more closely related to vertebrates).
Derived traits of chordates *some chordates only have these traits during embryonic development.dorsal,hollow nerve cord;notochord;pharyngeal slits or clefts; muscular, post-anal tail
notochord longitudinal, flexible rod between the digestive tube and nerve cord
what is the purpose of the notochord? provides internal support of the body, its flexible, elastic, spring-back action:stores thrust energy to aid in swimming
notochord in vertebrates a more complex, jointed internal skeleton develops. adult retains only remnants of embryonic notochord-cartilage between vertebrae.
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord chordate embryo, develops from thickened plate of ectoderm that rolls into hollow tube dorsal to notochord, later develops into central nervous system (brain/spinal cord)
pharyngeal slits or clefts grooves in pharynx develop into slits that open to outside of body.
functions of pharyngeal slits contain suspension/fiber feeding structures in the invertebrate chordates. exit for water following over gills in aquatic vertebrates. gill rakers become bones in inner ear, parts of skull, upper and lower jaws in tetrapods.
muscular, post anal tail in many vertebrates, tail is greatly reduced during embryonic development.contains skeletal elements (hind limbs) and muscles. provides propelling forces in many aquatic species
Lancelets (cephalochordata) are name for their bladelike shape.marine suspension feeders that retain characteristics of young chordate body plan as adult.
Urochordata (tunicates) more closely related to other (advanced) chordates than are lancelets. marine suspension feeders.aka sea squirts. draw water through incurrent siphon, filtering food particles,and expel water out excurrent siphon via pharyngeal slits
early chordate evolution todays lancelets may resemble ancestral chordates(basal group). genome sequencing of tunicates had identified genes shared by tunicates and vertebrates. gene expression in lancelets may hold clues to evolution of vertebrate form and to brain/spinal chord.
Created by: ejohnson17
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