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TLM- Chapter 5
Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | Passage of materials through the walls of small intestine into the bloodstream |
| amino acids | Small building blocks of protein |
| amylase | Enzymes secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch |
| anus | terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body |
| appendix | Blind pouch hanging from the cecum |
| bile | Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder |
| bilirubin | pigment released by the liver in bile |
| bowel | intestine |
| cecum | first part of the large intestine |
| colon | portion of the large intestine consisting of four segments |
| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. (choledochus) |
| defecation | elimination of feces |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| digestion | breakdown of complex food to simpler forms |
| duodenum | first part of the small intestine |
| elimination | act of removal of materials from the body |
| emulsification | Digestion of fat by breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules |
| enzyme | chemical that speeds up a reaction between subtances |
| esophagus | tube connecting the throat to the stomach |
| fatty acids | produced when fats are digested |
| feces | solid waste |
| gallbladder | small sac under the liver, stores bile |
| glucose | simple sugar |
| glycogen | starch |
| hydrochloric acid | produced by the stomach |
| ileum | third part of the small intestine |
| insulin | produced by the pancreas, transport sugar from the blood into the cells, stimulates glycogen formation in the liver |
| jejunum | second part of the small intestine. This part was often found empty when a body is examined after death, jejunus means empty |
| lipase | enzymes that digest fat |
| liver | located in the RUQ secrets bile, stores sugar, iron, and vitamins, produces blood proteins destroys worn-out red blood cells, and filters out toxins |
| Lower esophageal sphincter LES | (cardiac sphincter) Rings of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach |
| mastication | chewing |
| palate | roof of the mouth |
| pancreas | organ under the stomach, produces insulin and enzymes |
| papillae(papilla) | small elevation on the tounge |
| patorid gland | salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear |
| peristalsis | Rhythmic contractions of tubular organs. |
| pharynx | Throat |
| portal vein | Vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines |
| protease | enzymes that digests protein |
| pyloric sphincter | ring of muscles at the end of the stomach near the duodenum |
| pylorus | distal region of the stomach opening the duodenum |
| rectum | Last section of the large intestine |
| rugae | ridges on hard palate and the wall of the stomach |
| saliva | digestive juice from the salivary gland. contains amylase |
| salivary gland | parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands |
| sigmoid colon | Before the rectum, S shaped segment of the colon |
| sphincter | circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural oppening |
| stomach | muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. |
| tryglycerides | fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol |
| uvula | soft tissue hanging from the middle of the palate |
| villi(villus) | microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the blood stream |
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