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Hematology69
Unit II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most common dysrhythmia; total disorganization of atrial electrical activity due to multiple ectopic foci, resulting in loss of effective atrial contraction. | Atrial Fibrillation |
| Controlled A-Fib. | <100bpm |
| Dysrhythmia that originates in area of AV node. | Junctional Escape Rhythm |
| Every impulse is conducted to the ventricles, but duration of AV conduction is prolonged. | First Degree AV Block |
| Normal PR interval. | 0.12-.20 sec |
| Normal QRS interval. | <.010 sec |
| Gradual lengthening of the PR interval due to prolonged AV conduction time. | Second Degree Type 1(Mobitz 1/Wenkebach) |
| Considered life-threatening because of decreased CO and the possibility of deterioration to ventricular fibrillation; Run of three or more PVCs. | Ventricular Tachycardia |
| Develop when the intrinsic pacemaker rate (SA node or AV node) becomes less than that of a ventricular ectopic pacemaker. | Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm |
| Severe derangement of the heart rhythm characterized on ECG by irregular undulations of varying contour and amplitude. | V-Fib |
| One small box on EKG strip. | 0.04sec |
| One big box on EKG strip. | 0.2 sec |
| Deliver successful shocks at lower energies and with fewer post shock ECG abnormalities; deliver energy in two directions. | Biphasic Defribrillation |
| What is normal Ejection Fraction. | >55% |
| Level of atria: intersection of 2 imaginary lines. | Phlebostatic axis |
| Intra-arterial Pressure Monitoring; Direct, continuous measurement of blood pressure. | Usually 10-15mm Hg >cuff |
| Catheter used to monitor PAP& RAP; Yields information on LV function, circulatory status, vascular tone; Inserted into vein & advanced to PA; guided by waveform observation. | Pulmonary Artery Catheter |
| What is normal CVP (RAP). | 2-8mmHg |
| Measures End Diastolic Volume, (Volume when Right AV valve is open and completely full). | Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP) |
| A reflection of Left Atrial Pressure and Left End diastolic pressure. | PAWP |
| Potent, rapid-acting anti-hypertensive; Peripheral vasodilation through direct action on SM of blood vessels (Decreased afterload & preload); Effective almost immediately. | Nitroprusside (Nipride) |
| When giving Vasopressive drugs make sure you infuse in ______. | PICC line |
| Monitor BP (mandatory; prefer a-line); Monitor thiocyanite levels with large doses; Administer in mcg/kg/min; Wrap in opaque material to protect from light 24hrs. | Nitroprusside Monitoring |
| Usual infusion dosage for Nitroprusside. | 0.5 to 10mcg/kg/min |
| Vascular SM relaxant & vasodilator; affects arterial & venous beds; coronary vasodilator (Decreased preload & MVO2); Reduces afterload at high doses. | Nitroglycerin (Tridil) |
| Administer in mcg/min; No nitrates for 24 hours after sildenafil (Viagra) or other similar medications due to life-threatening hypotension; Glass bottle & non-PVC tubing. | Nitroglycerin Monitoring |
| Medications that increase BP. | Vasopressor's |
| Positive Inotrope; Dose-dependent actions- alpha, beta, & dopaminergic receptor stimulating actions; Promotes release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals. | Dopamine Hydrochloride |
| High dose; Increase BP, Vasopressor dose. | Alpha Dose |
| Inotrope, Increase Contractility. | Beta-1 Dose |
| Direct-acting inotropic agent possessing beta-stimulator activity. Increases SV with minimal effect on HR, BP;Indications: ST inotropic support in cardiac decompensation. | Dobutamine hydrochloride |
| Low doses: β-adrenergic agonist (cardiac stimulation, bronchial dilation, peripheral vasoconstriction), Higher doses: stimulates alpha receptors, causing profound vasoconstriction,↑ Stroke volume,↑ SVR. | Epinephrine |
| β1-Adrenergic agonist (cardiac stimulation α-Adrenergic agonist (peripheral vasoconstriction); Renal/splanchnic vasoconstriction; Used for hypotension unresponsive to adequate fluid resuscitation. | Norepinephrine (Levophed) |
| Administer via central line (infiltration leads to tissue sloughing); Monitor for dysrhythmias secondary to ↑MvO2 requirements. | Norepinephrine (Levophed) Monitoring |
| Time when cardiac muscle does not respond to any stimuli. | Absolute Refractory Period |
| If present may represent depolarization of the purkinje fibers or it may be associated with hypokalemia. | U-wave |
| What is normal Cardiac Output. | 4 to 8 L/min |
| Signals the beginning of systole and is associated with w/ the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves. | S₁ |
| Is the direct study and manipulation of the electrical activity of the heart using electrodes placed inside the cardiac chambers. | Electrophysiology Study (EPS) |
| The measurement of pressure, flow, and oxygenation within the cardiovascular system. | Hemodynamics Monitoring |
| What is normal Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) or left atrial pressure (LAP). | 6-12 mmHg |
| What is normal Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP). | 4-12 mmHg |
| The Volume within the ventricle at the end of diastole. | Preload |
| A measurement of pulmonary capillary pressure, reflects left ventricular end-diastolic pressure under normal conditions (i.e. when there is no mitral valve dysfunction, intracardiac defect or dysrhythmia.) | PAWP |
| Measures the right atrium or in the vena cava close to the heart, is the right ventricular preload or right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (i.e. in the presence of no cardiac abnormality.) | CVP |
| Vasodilator drug therapy (i.e. milrinone[Primacor]) can reduce ______. | Afterload |
| The _____ notch indicates aortic valve closure. | Dicrotic |
| Before insertion of A-line perform an _____ test to confirm that ulnar circulation to the hand is adequate. | Allen’s |
| PAD pressure and PAWP ______ in heart failure and fluid volume overload. | Increase |
| Monitoring __ pressures permits precise therapeutic manipulation of preload. | PA |
| For accurate data, obtain PA measurements at ___ of expiration. | End |
| What is normal SvO₂/ScvO₂? | 60%-80% |
| The treatment of choice to terminate VF and pulseless VT. | Defibrillation |
| Deliver successful shocks at lower energies and with fewer postshock ECG abnormalities than monophasic defibrillators. | Biphasic Defibrillators |
| The therapy of choice for the patient w/ hemodynamically unstable ventricular (e.g. VT w/ pulse) or SVT (e.g. A-Fib w/ a rapid ventricular response.) | Synchronized Cardioversion |
| Monitors the HR & Rhythm & identifies VT or VF; Approx. 25 seconds after the sensing system detects a lethal dysrhythmia the defib mechanism delivers 25 joules or less shock to the pts heart. | Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillator |
| A pacing technique that resynchronizes the cardiac cycle by pacing both ventricles, thus promoting improvement in ventricular function. | Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) |
| Is used to provide adequate HR & rhythm to the pt in an emergency situation. | Transcutaneous Pacemaker (TCP) |
Created by:
BOjangles1006
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