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Dna and RNA

study guide 2014

QuestionAnswer
Avery's experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by DNA
What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat killed, disease causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria to mice? The mice developed pneumonia
Figure 12-1 shows the structure of a DNA molecule
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? Deoxyibose + Phosphate group + cytosine
Because of base pairing in DNA the percentage of Pyrimidines in DNA is about equal to the percentage of purines
In eukaryotes DNA is located in the nucleus
Which of the following include all the others? Chromosomes
Dna is copied during a process called replication
Dna replication results in two dna molecules each with one new strand and one original strand
During DNA replication, a dna strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases GATCCA
RNA contains the sugar ribose
Unlike DNA RNA contains uracil
What is found in both DNA and RNA? phosphate groups, guaninem and cytosine
How many types of Rna are there? 3
HOw many types of rna are involved in protein synthesis? messenger, ribosomal and transfer
Which are copied from DNA? mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
What is produced during transcription? RNA molecules
What does figure 12-2 show? ( the GUAC sun shaped diagram) The genetic code
How many bases are needed to specify three amino acids? 9
Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon? There are 64 different kinds of codons but only 20 amino acids
What happens during the process of translation? The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
During translation the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached
Genes contain instructions for assembling proteins
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code? mRNA
A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called a point mutation
Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation? inversion
Which of the following is NEVER a frameshift mutation substitution
A promoter is a Binding site for RNA polymerase
If a specific kind of protein is not continually used by a cell the gene for that protein is turned on and off at different times
Gene regulation in eukaryotes allows for cell specialization
Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes
How genes determine an animal's basic body plan
How genes determine the location of a dogs ears
The watson and crick model of dna is a ________ ____ in which two strands are wound around each other double helix
chromatin contains proteins called______ histones
In rna, _________ cytosine and ______ are pyrimidines Cytosine and uracil
During transcription, the _____ ______ between base pairs are broken hydrogen bonds
The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ___________ _______ in proteins Amino acids
The codon that signals the end of a growing polypeptide is called a ________ stop codon
The tRNA bases called the __________ are complementary to three consecutive nucleotides on the mRNA molecule anticodons
A point mutation will cause the cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in a _____________ stop codon
A typical gene consists of regulatory sites a __________ and the nucleotide sequence that is transcribed promoter
A mutation in a series of genes called____ ________ can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo hox genes
During DNA replication, what two porcesses must occur before the two strands of a DNA molecule can seperate? The hydrogen bonds between the base pairs must be broken and the molecule must unwind
What causes translation to stop? a stop codon on the mrna causes translation to stop
What is a mutation? a mutation is a change in DNA sequencce affecting genetic info
Why are hox genes that are found in different animals very similar to each other? Descended from the genes of common ancestors
Created by: maddydogking
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