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genetics 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
chromosome theory of inheritance | the theory that genes are carried fro parents to offspring |
genes | segmants of DNA found in chromosomes that are passed from one generation to the next |
DNA | a genetic material that determines inherited characteristics |
genetic disorder | an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
mutations | are changes in the DNA of genes of chromosomes. affects genetic info |
sex chromosomes | determine if your a boy or a girl |
hemophilia | genetic disorder, slows down the blood clotting after getting cut. |
insertation | a mutation when an extra base is added to a DNA strand |
deletation | when a base is left out of the DNA strand |
substitution | the wrong base is used in a DNA strand |
carrier | an individual who inherited an altered form of a gene but had no effects or symptoms of that gene or mutation |
mutations that dont harm or benefit you | eye color, birth marks |
mutations that are harmful | sickle-cell anemia, down syndrome |
mutations that are beneficial | immune to malaris and HIV |
down syndrome | 47 chromosomes instead of 46 |
cystic fibrosis | body pruduces toomuch mucus in the lungs and intesines |
sickle-cell disease | affects the production of hemoglobin in the blood. causes blocked blood vessels |
karyotype | a map of all the chromosomes in the cell. the chromosomes ar earanged in pairs |
pedigree | chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of afamily have that particular trait |
selective breeding | breeding organisoms with desired traits so that their offspring will have those traits |
inbreeding | crossing 2 identical organisims for that exact look |
hybridization | breeding 2 genetically different individuals (2 different species) |
genetic engeneering | a technique to produce organisoms with desired traits |
fertilization | the act of fertilizing an egg |