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Lab 25
anatomy of flowering plants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| apical meristem | region of cell division and growth in the tip of a stem or root |
| bark | tissue outside vascular cambium in a woody plant (consists of phloem, cork, etc.) |
| bulliform cells | large thin walled cells of upper epidermis of some monocot leaves |
| what do bulliform cells cause? | causes drying leaves to curl |
| bundle cap | fibers in outer region of vascular bundle of stems |
| cork | protective outer covering of woody stem |
| cortex | tissue in stem and root between epidermis and vascular tissue |
| cuticle | waxy covering on outer surface of leaves |
| early wood | large xylem cells produced early in growing season |
| epidermis | outer cellular level of root, stem, or leaf |
| fiber | elongated, thick-walled plant cell capable of support and protection |
| guard cells | specialized epidermal cells surrounding a stomate and regulates the opening and closing of stomate |
| herbaceous | plant that is more delicate than a woody plant (usually no secondary growth from a vascular cambium) |
| hydrophyte | plant requiring significant supply of water (may grow partially or fully submerged) |
| hypodermis | cells between upper epidermis and palisade mesophyll (typical of xerophytes) |
| lateral meristem | cell division in vascualr cambium |
| lateral meristem results in growth in ______. | diameter |
| medullary ray | vascular tissue radiating through xylem of woody stem |
| what does medullary ray do? | carries food and water horizontally |
| mesophyll | photosynthetic cells located in middle of leaf |
| mesophyte | plant requiring average water in environment |
| node | region where leaves attach to stem |
| palisade mesophyll | in dicots, the upper cells of the mesophyll. They are long slender cells capable of absorbing much light |
| parenchyma | thin-walled cells that retain cytoplasm (ex:cortex of root and stem) |
| phloem | food conducting tissue |
| pith | parenchyma in center of stem and some roots |
| primordium | earliest appearance of an organ during development |
| sclerenchyma | thick-walled cells that lose protoplasm upon maturation (ex. fibers) |
| spongy mesophyll | rounded cells of mesophyll with significant extracellular air spaces |
| why is spongy mesophyll significant? | it's significant in gas exchange and cooling of leaf |
| stomate | pore on leaf surface for exchange of O2 and CO2 |
| the stomate is responsible for significant ______ loss | water |
| sunken stomate | stomate at apex of indention of lower epidermis |
| what is an advantage of sunken stomate? | conserves water |
| transpiration | loss of water from a leaf in gas form |
| vascular cambium | tissue that gives rise to new xylem and phloem |
| vascular cambium is responsible for growth in ______ | diameter |
| wood | hard tissue inside vascular cambium of older stems |
| wood contains _____ | xylem |
| xerophyte | plant adapted to dry environments |
| xylem | tissue that transports water and minerals vertically |
| list three functions of roots | anchors plant to the ground, absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and stores carbohydrates sent from the leaves |
| compare and contrast primary and secondary growth | a primary growth is a growth in length at the stem tip while secondary growth refers to the growth in diameter of the stem |
| compare and contrast xylem and phloem | xylem is tissue that transports water and minerals vertically while phloem is a food conducting tissue |
| compare and contrast parenchyma and sclerenchyma | parenchyma are thin-walled cells that retain cytoplasm (cortex of root/stem) while the sclerenchyma are thick-walled cells that lase protoplasm upon maturation (fibers) |
| compare and contrast sieve tube and companion cell | sieve tuves are large cells containing cytoplasm but no nucleus. companion cells are the smaller cells and contain both cytoplasm and a nucleus |
| compare and contrast vessel and tracheid | tracheids are smaller cells with tapered ends. they have numerous pits in the end and side walls through which water can pass. vessel elements are large, thick-walled, nonliving cells that lack end walls forming cont. pipeline from root to leaf. |
| give the function of lenticel | is an opening in the stem epidermis which allows gas exchange |
| give the function of vascular cambium | a tissue that gives rise to xylem and phloem and is responsible for growth in diameter(seconday growth) |
| give the function of medullary ray | is a vascular tissue that carries food and water horizontally |
| give the function of fiber | is a plant cell capable of support and protection |
| give the function of cuticle | reduces water loss |
| give the function of stomate | allows exchange of O2 and CO2 and is responsible for significant water loss |
| give the function of guard cell | regulates the opening and closing of stomate |
| compare and contrast the leaves of xerophytes and hydrophytes | hydrophytes have a think cuticle, or no cuticle at all. Their stomates are concentrated on the upper epidermis. Xerophytes have thick cuticle and sunken stomate |
| list two structural differences in monocot and dicot leaves | mesophyll and vascular bundles differ |
| how do the structure in monocot and dicot leaves differ when considering mesophyll? | monocot leaves have mesophyll in between the epidermal layers while dicot leaves have palisade mesophyll on top and spongy mesophyll on bottom |
| how do the structure in monocot and dicot leaves differ when considering vascular bundles? | The vascular bundles of monocot leaves are parallel while the vascular bundles of dicot leaves are branched |
| List three problems faced by land plants | gathering water, distributing water to parts above ground, and preventing excessive water loss |
| What do land plants use to gather water? | the specialized root |
| What do land plants use to distribute water to parts above ground? | highly specialized tissues of the vascular system |
| What do land plants use to prevent excessive water loss? | a waxy secretion of the epidermis or by cork in woody stems |
| collenchyma | have primary wall that is thickened in the corners, providing some support but retaining flexibility. |
Created by:
cmccartney2
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