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Lab 20
Plant Kingdom
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alternation of generations | sexual cycle with alternating haploid and diploid conditions. |
| anther | top of stamen that produces pollen grains |
| antheridium | a structure in which sperm are produced |
| antipodals | three haploid nuclei within the embryo sac of flowering plants (degenerates after pollination) |
| archegonium | a structure in which eggs are produced |
| asexual reproduction | any reproduction that does not involve gamete fusion |
| give an example of asexual reproduction | formation of new plants from cuttings of roots or stems |
| carpel | the egg-producing portion of a flower |
| what three things does the carpel consist of? | stigma, style, and ovary |
| cotyledon | embryonic structure in seed that stores food |
| cuticle | waxy coat on land plant epidermis to prevent water loss |
| diploid | nucleus that contains pairs of homologous chromosomes |
| double fertilization | an event of angiosperm reproduction in which two fertilizations occur |
| explain what the two sperms in do during double fertilization | one sperm fuses with egg nuclei to form a zygote and eventually a new plant while the other sperm fuses with 2 polar nuclei to form food in the form of triploid endosperm. |
| egg nucleus | haploid structure that fuses with sperm to become diploid zygote |
| embryo sac | female gametophyte of flowering plants usually consisting of eight nuclei |
| endosperm | triploid tissue formed by fusion of two polar nuclei and a single sperm. |
| what is the function of endosperm? | serves as food for developing embryo |
| epicotyl | top of embryo that forms stem and leaves |
| fertilization | fusion of genetic material into one nucleus (fusion of gametes to form zygote) |
| filament | stalk of stamen |
| what does the filament do? | supports the anther |
| fruit | formed by enlargement of ovary of flowering plants following pollination |
| gamete | cell with haploid nucleus that fuses with another to from diploid zygote |
| gametophyte | multicellular haploid stage of a sexual cycle that produces gametes |
| gemmae cup | structure in liverworts that releases cells for asexual reproduction |
| haploid | nucleus having only one set of chromosomes, no pairs |
| hypocotyl | part of embryo below attachment of cotyledons |
| indusium | a protective covering over fern sorus |
| megaspore | large haploid spore that develops into female gametophyte of conifers and flowering plants |
| megaspore mother cell | diploid cell that divides by meiosis to form megaspores |
| megasporophyll | modified leaf of higher plants that contains megaspores |
| meristem | region of cell division |
| microspore | small haploid spore that forms male gametophyte in conifers and flowering plants |
| microspore mother cell | diploid cell that divides by meiosis to form haploid microspores |
| microsporophyll | modified leaf of higher plants that contains microspores |
| ovary | enlarged bottom of carpel that forms the fruit after pollination |
| ovule | tissue in which megaspores are formed (becomes seed after fertilization) |
| petal | modified leaf that surrounds reproductive structures of flower |
| polar nuclei | two haploid nuclei within embryo sac (fuse with sperm to form triploid endosperm) |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from male structure to receptive surface of cone or flower |
| protonema | in mosses, the haploid filament that is the early gametophyte stage |
| radicle | tip of hypocotyl that forms the root |
| seed | dispersal mechanism of pines and flowering plants |
| what does a seed consist of? | embryo surrounded by ovule of female parent |
| self-pollination | pollen is transferred to pistil on the same plant |
| sepal | modified leaf of flowering plants that surrounds reproductive structures and petals |
| seta | stalk of moss sporophyte |
| sexual reproduction | any reproduction in which there is a fusion of genetic material |
| sorus | cluster of sporangia on undersurface of fern leaf |
| sperm nucleus | haploid structure that fuses with egg nucleus to from diploid zygote. in some flowering plants some sperm nuclei fuse with polar nuclei to form endosperm |
| sporophyte | multicellular diploid portion of sexual cycles that produces the spores |
| stamen | male reproductive structure of flower that consists of anther and filament |
| stigma | top of carpel that receives pollen upon pollination |
| synergid | two haploid nuclei of embryo sac on either side of egg. (disintegrates after fertilization) |
| triploid | each chromosome type is represented three times |
| tube nucleus | nucleus of pollen grain that directs growth of pollen tube. |
| zygote | diploid nucleus formed by fusion of two gametes |
| moss: give function and ploidy of antheridium | where sperm are produced. haploid |
| moss: give function and ploidy of archegonium | where eggs are produced. haploid |
| moss: give function and ploidy of capsule | where spores are produced. diploid |
| fern: give function and ploidy of antheridium | where sperm are produced. haploid |
| fern: give function and ploidy of archegonium | where eggs are produced. haploid |
| fern: give function and ploidy of induism | acts as a protective covering over fern sorus. diploid |
| fern: give function and ploidy of sporangium | opens to release spores. diploid |
| pine: give function and ploidy of microspore | forms male gametophyte. haploid |
| pine: give function and ploidy of megaspore | forms female gametophyte. haploid |
| pine: give function and ploidy of ovule | where megaspores are formed. Also becomes seed after fertilization. both haploid and diploid |
| pine: give function and ploidy of female gametophyte | traps sperm by a sticky secretion. Also serves as food for embryo. haploid |
| flowering plant: give function and ploidy of micrspore | forms male gametophyte. haploid |
| flowering plant: give function and ploidy of megaspore | forms female gametophyte. haploid |
| flowering plant: give function and ploidy of anther | produces pollen grains. diploid |
| flowering plant: give function and ploidy of antipodal | have little known importance. haploid |
| flowering plant: give function and ploidy of endosperm | serves as food for embryo. triploid |
| flowering plant: give function and ploidy of radicle | forms the root. diploid |
| The seed coat and embryo are both diploid, but not genetically identical. explain the reason for this difference | the seed coat is part of the original maternal tissue, while the embryo has only half of the chromosomes of the original maternal tissue. The other half comes from pollen grains. |
| Which is larger, male or female pinecone? | female |
| what are two evolutionary trends that led to the success of plants on land? | development of a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss and the development of the seed, a protective covering surrounding the embryo. |
| Is the green, leafy stage of a moss the gametophyte or the sporophyte? | gametophyte |
| is the green, leafy stage of a fern the gametophyte or the sporophyte? | sporophyte |
Created by:
cmccartney2
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