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science flashcards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
| Dominate trait | Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of a single gene, in which one allele masks the phenotypic expression of another allele at the same gene locus. |
| Recessive trait | in genetics, a recessive gene is an allele that causes a phenotype that is only seen in a homozygous genotype and never in a heterozygous genotype. |
| homozygous | having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci |
| heterozygous | having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci |
| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
| phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
| cloning | create an exact copy of something |
| nuclear division | a process of cloning in order to make the actual clone |
| reproductive cloning | making a full living copy of an organism |
| therapeutic cloning | nuclear transplantation of a patient's own cells to make an oocyte from which immune-compatible cells (especially stem cells) can be derived for transplant |
| embryo | an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life |
| genome | he ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism; the full DNA sequence of an organism |
| reproduction | the act of making copies |
| genetics | the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms |