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Chapter 8 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Conservation medicine | discipline that attempts to understand how our environmental changes threaten our own health as well as that of the natural communities on which we depend our ecological services |
| Toxins | poisons |
| Allergens | substances that activate the immune system |
| Antigens | chemical compounds to which antibodies bind; proteins that recognize and bind to foreign cells or chemicals |
| Sick building syndrome | headaches, allergies, chronic fatigue and other symptoms caused by poorly vented indoor air contaminated by pathogens or toxins |
| Endocrine disruptors | chemicals that disrupt normal hormone functions |
| Neurotoxins | special class of metabolic poisons that specifically attack nerve cells (neurons) |
| Mutagens | agents, such as chemicals and radiation, that damage or alter genetic material (DNA) in cells |
| Teratogens | chemicals or other factors that specifically cause abnormalities during embryonic growth and development |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | a cluster of symptoms including craniofacial abnormalities, developmental delays, behavioral problems, and mental defects that last throughout a child's life |
| Carcinogens | substances that cause cancer |
| Cancer | invasive, out-of-control cell growth that results in malignant tumors |
| Bioaccumulation | selective absorption and storage of a great variety of molecules by cells |
| Biomagnification | when the toxic burden of a larger number of organisms at a lower trophic level is accumulated and concentrated by a predator in a higher trophic level |
| Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) | chemical compounds that persist in the environment and retain biological activity for long times |
| Body burden | the sum total of all persistent toxins in our body that we accumulate from our air, water, diet, and surroundings |
| Synergism | interaction in which one substance exacerbates the effects of another |
| LD50 | chemical dose lethal to 50 percent of test population |
| Acute effects | sudden, severe effects; a single exposure to the toxin that results in immediate health crisis of some sort |
| Chronic effects | results from a single dose of a very toxic substance, or results from continuous/repeated sublethal exposure |
| Risk | possibility of suffering harm or loss |
| Risk assessment | scientific process of estimating the threat that particular hazards pose to human health |
| Emergent diseases | those not previously known or that have been absent for at least 20 years |
| Ecological diseases | sudden and widespread epidemics that domestic animals and wildlife experience |
| Health | state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being |
| Disease | an abnormal change in the body's condition that impairs important physical or psychological functions |
| Mortality | death; death rate in a population, probability of dying |
| Morbidity | illness/disease |
| Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) | a measure of disease burden |
| Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) | a measure of premature deaths and losses due to illnesses and disabilities in a population |
| Environmental health | focuses on external factors that cause disease, including elements of the natural, social, cultural, and technological worlds in which we live |
Created by:
David55900
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