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Biology Vocabulary

Vocab for biology quiz

TermDefinition
Passive transport does not require energy from cell to bring things in and out of the cell.
Concentration gradient Difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.
Equilibrium Concentration of a substance is the same across a space.
Diffusion movement of a substance down the substance's concentration gradient.
Osmosis Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Hypertonic Solution Causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis
Hypotonic solution Causes a cell to swell because of osmosis
Isotonic Solution produces no change in cell volume because of osmosis
Ion channel transport protein through which ions can pass.
Carrier Protein protein used to transport specific substances
Facilitated diffusion passive transport using carrier proteins
Active Transport movement of a substance against the substance's concentration gradient
Sodium-potassium Pump carrier protein used in active transport that carries Na+ ions out of the cell and K+ into the cell
Endocytosis movement of a substance by a vesicle to the inside of a cell
Exocytosis Movement if a substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell
Receptor protein binds to a signal molecule, enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule
Second messenger acts as a signal molecule in the cytoplasm.
Photosynthesis the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy
Autotroph organisms that get energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to make organic compounds
Heterotroph Organism that gets energy by consuming food
Granum Stacks of thylakoids
Pigments a substance that absorbs light
Chlorophyll The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis
carotenoids absorb wavelengths of light different than those absorbed by chlorophyll
Electron transport chain the series of molecules down which excited electrons are passed in a thylakoid membrane
Carbon fixation incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds
calvin cycle a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produce a three carbon sugar molecule
C4 pathway CO2 fixed into four carbon compounds
CAM Pathway water conserving process of carbon fixation that takes place in the night
Chemiosmosis the process that relies on a concentration gradient of protons
Light reactions a series of reactions that involve pigments
stomata small pores in leaves
thylakoids disk shaped structures inside chloroplasts
alcoholic fermentation yeast use this process to convert pyruvic acid to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
pyruvic acid three carbon product of glycolysis
Acetyl CoA two carbon molecule
aerobic respiration process that produces large amounts of ATP. Requires oxygen
Anaerobic does not require oxygen
NADH reduced electron carrier molecule formed in glycolysis
Oxaloatic acid four-carbon molecule that combines with acetol CoA
Citric acid six-carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle
NAD+ electron carrier molecule that is oxidized when G3P is reduced
Cellular respiration the process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
Mitochondrial matrix the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
FAD electron carrier molecule similar to NAD+
glycolysis pathway in which two molecules of pyruvic acid and two molecules of ATP are produced
Krebs cycle pathway that breaks down acetyl CoA, producing CO2, Hydrogen atoms and ATP
Fermentation the recycling of NAD+ under anaerobic conditions
Kilocalories a unit of measurement
Created by: LuckOfTheSwimmer
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