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Chapter 23
Intro to Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| who is gregor mendel | father of genetics |
| what did gregor mendel study | genetics |
| laws of genetics formulated by mendel | law of segregation, law of indpendent assortment |
| what is a trait | physical characteristics |
| hereditary information is found in the | genes |
| dna is part of | chromosomes |
| genes are located on the | chromosomes |
| genes code for specific | traits |
| genes | codes for a specific trait are called |
| gene locus | location of a gene on a chromosome |
| chromosomes come in pairs as | homologous chromosomes |
| one chromosomes from ________ and _________ | mother and father |
| one gene in a pair is called | alleles |
| alleles | genes in alternate form |
| in diploid organisms, a pair of homologous chromosomes contains how many alleles | 2 |
| alleles of a gene could be | dominant or recessive |
| dominant allele | shows its traits whenever present (over powers the other) |
| dominant is represented by | a capital letter |
| recessive allele | needs to have two of recessive (pair) in order to be seen |
| recessive is represented by | a lowercase letter |
| homozygous | 2 alleles are the same |
| heterozygous | when the two alleles are different |
| punnett square | tool that graphically predicts genotype and phenotype of the offspring |
| monohybrid cross | cross between heterozygous for 1 gene |
| dihybrid cross | cross between heterozygotes for 2 genes |
| law of independent assortment | each pair of factors assorts independently, without regards to how the others seperate. |
| dihybrid phenotype | heterozygous for 2 different traits |
| foil: | first 2 alleles outer 2 alleles inner 2 alleles last 2 alleles |
| phenotype ratio for a dihybrid cross is always | 9:3:3:1 |
| incomplete dominance | occurs when the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between the 2 homozygotes |
| during incomplete dominane neither trait is dominant or recessive, they just | combine |
| codominance | occurs when alleles are equally expressed in a heterozygote |
| co-dominant genes do not mix like incomplete dominance, instead they are | both shown equally |
| mutiple allele inheritance | gene exists in several allelic forms rather than just two |
| polygenic inheritance | occurs when a trait is goverened by 2 or more genes (sets of alleles) |
| what is the characteristic of the polygenic inheritance | bell shaped curve |
| apart from gentic inheritance, what are other factors that influence the expression of the genetic traits | environmental factors |
| x linked traits | sex chromosomes |
| how many autosomal chromosome pairs do humans have | 22 |
| how many sex chromosomes do humans have | 2 |
| males sex chromosomes are | xy |
| females sex chromosomes are | XX |
| x linked recessive disorders | genes carried on the x chromosome |
Created by:
Jamielee88
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