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Ch.18 Blood Tissue

Ch. 18 Circulatory System: Blood Tissue

QuestionAnswer
Consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood tissue... Circulatory System
Refers only to the heart and vessels by which it travels... Cardiovascular System
The study of blood... Hematology
Matrix of the blood... Plasma
Suspended within the plasma; RBCs, WBCs, and platelets... Formed elements
WBCs are also known as; more scientifically... Leukocytes
RBCs are also known as; more scientifically... Erythrocytes
Left over after the solids and proteins within the plasma have been removed... Serum
Smallest and most abundant protein within the plasma... Albumin
Toxic ends of metabolism which the plasma of the blood contains en route to urinary system... Nitrogenous wastes
Most common/abundant nitrogenous waste in the blood... Urea
Production of blood, especially the formed elements... Hemopoiesis
Tissues that take part in the production of blood are known as ... Hemopoietic tissues
Low protein due to poor nutrition that can cause edema and/or a disease known as Kwashiorkor in children... Hypoproteinemia
A severe deficiency of RBCs cane be fatal within mere minutes, due to the lack of ___... Oxygen
Give the membrane of RBCs resilience and durability... Spectrin and Actin
Red pigment that gives RBCs their color and name... Hemoglobin
The plasma membrane of a mature RBC has ___ on outer surface determining a person's blood type... Glycoproteins
Percentage of whole blood volume composed of erythrocytes... Hematocrit
Nonprotein moiety which binds oxygen to a ferrous ion within hemoglobin chain, allowing it to be transferred... Heme group
Average life cycle for RBCs... 120 days
Production of red blood cells... Erythropoiesis
Critical part of the hemoglobin molecule and therefore one of the key nutritional requirements for erythropoiesis... Iron
When an RBC is mature, the nucleus shrivels and is discharged from the cell; the cell is now referred to as a ___ Reticulocyte
Oxygen deficiency in the blood... Hypoxemia
In a situation of the blood having too little oxygen, the ___ will increase their EPO output which will reverse the issue as the RBC count rises... Kidneys
Rupture of RBCs which releases hemoglobin and leaves an empty plasma membrane to be digested by area macrophages... Hemolysis
Cessation of bleeding... Hemostasis
Small fragments of marrow cells called megakaryocytes... Platelets
Three basic mechanisms of hemostasis are vascular spasm, ___ formation and coagulation... Platelet plug
Clot fragment which breaks off and travels in blood stream... Embolus
Abnormal clotting... Thrombosis
Excess iron is stored in the liver as a complex called... Ferritin
Formed element which contributes most to the viscosity of blood... Erythrocytes
The lack of intrinsic factor leads to ___ anemia... Pernicious
Oxygen deprivation... Hypoxia
Condition most likely to cause hemolytic anemia... Alcoholism
Serum is blood plasma minus its... Clotting proeins
In addition to the ABO and Rh groups,there are at least 100 other known blood groups with a total of more than ___ antigens... Five hundred
A ___ transplant is one treatment option of leukemia, sickle cell disease and some forms of anemia; though it is a very dangerous/painful procedure... Bone marrow
Results from a mutation that changes one amino acid in the hemoglobin molecule... Sickle-cell disease
All formed elements trace their origins to a common type of ___ in the bone marrow... Hemopoietic stem cell
Excessively high RBC count... Polycythemia
Hemoglobin consists of four protein chains called ___... Globins
The protein chains within hemoglobin contain ___ groups which bind oxygen to a ferrous ion. Heme
Production of all formed elements in the blood... Hemopoiesis
Extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by ___ from damaged perivascular tissues... Thromboplastin
Hereditary lack of factor VIII causes... Hemophilia
Kidney hormone which stimulates RBC production... Erythropoietin
RBC antigens that determine transfusion compatibility... Agglutinogens
(T/F) An increase in the albumin concentration of the blood would tend to increase blood pressure... T
(T/F) Anemia is caused by a low oxygen concentration in the blood... F
(T/F) By volume, the blood usually contains more plasma than cells... T
(T/F) Calcium ions are required for blood clotting.. T
(T/F) Hemostasis, coagulation and clotting are three terms for the same process... F
(T/F) Leukemia is a severe deficiency of white blood cells... F
(T/F) Neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs in the blood... T
(T/F) Clot retraction is the process by which a clot becomes more compact within about 30 minutes of its initial formation... T
Soluble, sticky protein that forms the framework of a blood clot... Fibrinogen
___ ions constitute about 90% of the electrolytes within the plasma... Sodium
Resistance of a fluid to flow... Viscosity
Total molarity of dissolved particles that cannot pass through the blood vessel wall... Osmolarity
If osmolarity is too high, the bloodstream will ___ too much water... Absorb
If osmolarity is too low, the bloodstream will ___ too much water... Release
There are three main physiological reasons for why ___ have a high hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit percentage than ___... Men, Women
Fetal hemoglobin, with two gamma chains in place of beta chains, allows the fetus to extract oxygen from ___... Mother's bloodstrea
In a state of balance and stable RBC count, the birth and death of RBCs amount to about ___ per second... 2.5 million
Protein which is produced by the stomach, then binds iron and transports it to the small intestine... Gastroferritin
Plasma protein which binds to iron and travels to the bone marrow, liver and other tissues... Transferrin
Iron-storage complex in the liver... Ferritin
Greenish pigment which results when macrophage partially breaks down heme of hemoglobin... Biliverdin
Yellow-green pigment which results when macrophage completes the break down of heme groups; later removed by liver via bile... Bilirubin
A deficiency of either RBCs or hemoglobin... Anemia
Anemia caused by excessive bleeding... Hemorrhagic anemia
Most common form of nutritional anemia... Iron-deficiency anemia
Anemia caused by decline in eryothropoiesis... Hypoplastic anemia
"Clump together"... Agglutinate
Complex molecules such as proteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids that are genetically unique to each individual (except identical twins)... Antigens
Proteins secreted in immune response... Antibodies
Most common blood type in Caucasian Americans... Type O
Rarest blood type in the US... Type AB
Scientist who studied transfusion and blood banking at Columbia University and was the first to suggest that plasma should be used versus whole-blood transfusions for battlefield and other emergency transfusions... Charles Drew
Antigens that were discovered, first in the Rhesus monkey, in the 1940s... Rh blood groups
If a Rh- mother becomes pregnant with a Rh+ fetus (after her body was previously exposed to fetal blood in the last pregnancy), the agglutinated RBCs hemolyze and the baby is born with a severe anemia called... Erythroblastosis fetalis
Leukocytes differ from erythrocytes int hat they retain their ___ throughout life... Organelles
Lysosomes found in all WBCs and give granulocytes their names as they absorb the dyes of blood stains... Nonspecific granules
Neutrophil count rises in a condition called ___ in response to bacterial infections... Neutrophilia
___ count rises in response to allergies, parasitic infections, collagen disease and diseases of the spleen and CNS... Eosinophil
___ secrete histamines (widen the blood vessels) and heparin (anticoagulant)to aid int he body's defense processes... Basophils
Second to neutrophils in abundance... Lymphocytes
Largest white blood cells... Monocytes
Monocytes go to work only after leaving the bloodstream and transforming into large tissue cells called ___... Macrophages
Production of white blood cells... Leukopoiesis
___ ultimately differentiate into the three types of granulocytes... Myeloblasts
Ultimately lead to monocytes... Monoblasts
Produce all lymphocyte types... Lymphoblasts
A WBC count below the normal range... Leukopenia
Cancer of the hemopoietic tissues that produces extraordinarily high number of circulating leukoctyes and their precursors... Leukemia
Establishment of pathogenic organisms that usually cannot get a foothold in people with healthy immune systems.. Opportunistic infection
Prompt constriction of the broken vessel after injury... Vascular spasm
Platelet repellent, which normally coats the endothelium of blood vessels and the heart... Prostacyclin
Clotting of the blood... Coagulation
Initiated by clotting factors released by the damaged blood vessel and perivascular tissues... Extrinsic mechanism
Uses only clotting factors in the blood itself... Intrinsic mechanism
Stimulates fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells to multiply and repair the damaged blood vessel... PDGF
Dissolution of a clot... Fibrinolysis
Masses of clotted blood in the tissues; bruises... Hematomas
Blood clots arising in the limbs commonly lodge in the lungs and cause ___... Pulmonary embolisms
Bacteria in the blood stream accompanying infection elsewhere in the body.. Septicemia
___ became popular in 1567 BCE as a form of bloodletting; allowing parasites to feed on the blood and secrete anticoagulants to keep the blood flowing; supposedly alleviated headaches, insomnia, obesity, etc Leeching
Created by: SavannahElkins
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