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Mar 222
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| properties of fluids | Density, Molecular diffusivity/Diffusion coefficient, Viscosity, Heat capacity, Thermal conductivity |
| Reynold's # | = ρ U l / μ -Density, fluid velocity, length of object, dynamic viscosity |
| Shape of Fish influenced by | frictional drag, form drag, induced drag |
| Frictional Drag | proportional to amount of surface area in contact with the water = sphere ideal shape |
| Form Drag | proportional to the cross-sectional area = long and thin shape best |
| Induced Drag | (turbulence)due to changes in speed and direction of flow = length 4.5X greatest diameter + blunt at front end + point in rear |
| Rapidly accelerating fish | are thinner and may be recognized by prey |
| Maneuvering fish | are more oval and use additional drag for fine positioning adjustments |
| Importance of Gradients | 1)determinants of physiological performance 2)Mass transfer 3)Heat transfer 4)Benthic, momentum and diffusive boundary layers |
| “no-slip” condition | associated with both density and viscosity of fluid, in addition to the texture of the solid they come in contact with |
| Benthic | associated with bottom |
| Momentum | associated with structure/organism in flow |
| Diffusive | subset of momentum, closest to organism, area of extremely slow flow |
| Average depth of the ocean | 3800 meters |
| Northern Hemisphere | 2/3's of land area 61% water |
| Southern Hemisphere | 80% water |
| Abyssal Plains+Ocean ridge and rise system | 30% of ocean basin |
| continental shelf | 120-200m |
| continental slope | 3000-4000 meters |
| trenches | 6000+ meters |
| Mariannas Trench | 11,022 m |
| Foundation species (FS) | species that create habitats/modify the environment, through which having positive effects on diversity, distribution, and abundance of other organisms (Dayton, 1972); AKA critical species |
| Ecosystem engineers | organisms that modify the physical environment; key issue for FS |
| Hierarchical organization | foundation species “set the stage” for everything else |
| COMPETITIVE DISPLACEMENT | one species outcompetes another for a resource |
| COEXISTENCE | two species exploit different resources, same process allows two species to exploit same resource without displacement |
| Interference | one species overgrows another, interspecific territoriality, agonistic interaction |
| Exploitation | one species eats a prey resource more efficiently than another |
| Dispersal kernel | a probability distribution of the distance traveled by members of a dispersing population |
| aerenchyma | within the leaf that facilitate diffusion • Provide buoyancy to the leaves, joined to form lacunae |
Created by:
lydia.durkovic
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