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ICU Vocab
Things to know with ICU patients
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cardiac Output (CO) | Amount of blood ejected from LV per minute. 4-8L/min. HR x SR |
| Increased CO | High circulating volume |
| Decreased CO | Decrease in the strength of ventricular contraction. |
| Cardiac Index (CI) | Amount of blood pumped by the heart, per minute, per meter square of the body. |
| Decreased CI | Pumping ability of the heart to pump effectively is decreased. Not enough blood being pumped to body. |
| Normal value of CVP | 1-6 mmHg |
| Increased CVP | Right sided HF, Volume overload, Tricuspid valve stenosis or insufficiency, Pulmonary HTN, Cardiac tamponade, Right ventriclar infarction. |
| Decreased CVP | reduced circulating blood volume, vasodilation. |
| Mixed Venous | SvO2 = 60-80% |
| Abnormal Mixed Venous | oxygen supply is not sufficient, oxygen demand has increased. |
| Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) | The measurement of resistance or impediment o the systemic vascular bed to blood flow |
| Increased SVR | hypothermia, hypovolemia, vasoconstriction, late septic shock |
| Decreased SVR | vasodilation, early septic shock, morphine, nitrates, hypercarbia |
| Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis | loss of hydrochloric acid from vomiting or gastric suctioning. loss of K (diuretic). steroids. hepatic disease. alkali ingestion (Drano, bleach...) |
| Causes of Metabolic Acidosis | Diarrhea, excessive production of organic acids from endocrine disorders, shock or drug intoxication, inadequate excretion of acid from renal disease |
| Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis | hyperventilation, PE, gram-negative bacteremia, Respiratory stimulation by drugs, disease or fever |
| Causes of Respiratory Acidosis | CNS depression from drugs, injury or disease. Respiratory arrest, Hypoventilation from pulmonary, cardiac or neuromuscular disease. |
| Hypercapnic | give oxygen, increase O2 delivery. |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) | decreases myocardial workload. increases coronary artery perfusion. |
| Swan-Ganz catheter | Used to evaluate HF, pulmonary hypertension, |
| Preload | Occurs during DIASTOLE. Think "Volume" Reduce with diuretics. Increase with fluids. |
| Afterload | Think "Vessels" Reduce with (Vasodilators) Nitro, Nipride, ACE, ARBs, Beta Blockers, CCBs, Hydralazine, Isosorbide. Increase with (Vasopressors) Levo, Neo, Epi |
| Contractility | Think "Pump" Increase contractility with Dobutamine, Primacor, Dopamine (high dose). |
| Vasodilators | Nicardipine, NTG, Nitroprusside, Hydralazine, Captopril, Enalaprilat, Losartan (Cozaar) |
| Vasopressors | Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine (Levophed), Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine), Vasopressin. |
| Positive Inotropes | Dobutamine (Dobutrex), Milrinone (Primacor), Digoxin (Lanoxin) |
| Beta-Adrenergic Blockers | Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), Labetalol, Carvedilol (Coreg) |
| Antiarrhythmics | Amiodarone, Adenosine, Atropine, Esmolol (BB), Diltiazem (CCB), Verapamil (CCB), Digoxin, Lidocaine, Magnesium Sulfate |
| Anticoagulants | Heparin, Lovenox, Coumadin |
| Anti-Platelet Agents | Aspirin, Plavix (Clopidogrel) |
| Measurement of Preload | CVP |
| Measurement of Afterload | SVR |
| Measurement of Contractility | CO/CI |
| Increased Pulmonary Artery Pressure | Left sided heart failure, atrial of ventricular septal defects, (increased pulmonary arteriolar resistance) pulmonary HTN, volume overload, mitral stenosis, hypoxia. |
| Signs of abnormal mixed venous | Increased CO and HR. Tissues take more oxygen from arterial blood. Blood flow redirected to where blood is needed the most. |
| MAP | Reflects relationship between CO and SVR, reflects arterial pressure in the vessels perfusing in organs |
| Low MAP | indicates decreased blood flow through the organs |
| High MAP | indicates an increased cardiac workload |
| PA pressure | BP in the pulmonary artery |
| Increased PA Pressure | Left to Right Cardiac shunt, PH, COPD, Emphysema, PE, Pulm edema, LV failure. |
| Direct Thrombin Inhibitors | Argatroban, Pradaxa |
| S/S of Metabolic Alkalosis | Slow breathing, hypertonic muscles, twitching, confusion, tetany, seizures, dizziness, coma (if severe) |
| S/S of Metabolic Acidosis | Fruity breath, headache, lethargy, n/v, ab pain, tremors, confusion, coma (if severe) |
| S/S of Respiratory Alkalosis | Paresthesias, confusion, light-headedness, anxiety, palpitations. |
| S/S of Respiratory Acidosis | EARLY: Tachycardia, Tachypnea LATE: bradypnea, confusion, hypotension, lethargy VERY LATE: Coma |
Created by:
mlwest130
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