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Evolution Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Convergent evolution Evolution toward similar features in unrelated species.
Divergent evolution Closely related species that evolve in different directions
Coevolution Species that evolve in response to changes in each other
Microevolution A generation to generation change in allele frequency in a population
Homologous Body parts that are similar in structure, but are used differently
Analogous Body parts that perform a similar function, but are not alike in structure
Vestigial Small, leftover body parts that had a function in early ancestors, but have no use todau
Mass extinction Happens at a global level because of a catastrophic event like ice age, volcanic eruption or asteroid impact
Extinction The elimination of a species
Adaptive radiation One ancestral species evolves into many descendant species
Punctuated equilibrium Life changes slowly then periods of quick evolutionary change happens
Background extinction Extinctions that occur at a continual low rate
Stabilizing selection Extreme phenotypes eliminated, narrow range of phenotypes
Directional selection One extreme eliminated, population favors the other extreme
Disruptive selection Extreme phenotypes favored, mean reduced
Normal distribution Most of the population is the mean, few extremes
Genetic Drift Change in allele frequencies due to chance
Bottleneck Effect Occurs when an event drastically reduces a population size
Founder Effect It occurs when a few individuals start a new population
Gene Flow Movement of alleles between populations
Behavioral Isolation Isolation based on differences in courting or mating behaviors
Temporal Isolation Timing prevents reproduction between populations
Geographic Isolation Isolation caused by barriers like mountains, oceans, and deserts
Allele A form of a gene
Allele Frequency The measure of how common an allele is in a gene pool or population
Gene Pool All alleles of a group
Speciation Two or more new species arise from one existing species
Created by: maggiebarronton
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