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Intro to Toxicology

Introduction to toxicology

QuestionAnswer
What substance discovered by early alchemists (Arab scholars) in the dark ages, is known as the 'King of Poisons'? Arsenic trioxide (white arsenic)
The Ebers Papyrus was discovered... in the 19th century by George Mortiz Ebers
Circa 600 BC: The Greek city of Kirrha was poisoned by... Athens and Sicyon using the roots of hellebore plant, which caused diarrhoea.
Circa 400 BC: Socrates reported by Plato drank a fatal draft of hemlock in the company of friends
Circa 100 BC: Mithridates VI of Pontus discovered a complex mixture of antidotes known as mithridatium (a popular antidote used by roman physicians)
32 BC: the Lex Cornelia are the series of laws against poisoning passed by Roman dictator Sulla.
Nicander of Colophon,wrote the oldest books to have survived on the subject of poisoning and its treatment in Circa 130 AD.
The central dogma of toxicology was coined by? the swiss-german and phusician Paracelsus in the 16th century.
Felice Fontana showed that... European viper venom selectively induced paralysis of muscle.
Quinine is isolated from Cinchona bark
Curare used as arrow poisons reversibly inhibits which receptors? nicotinic acetyl choline receptors (nAchR) weakening the skeletal muscles and, eventual death by asphyxiation due to paralysis of the diaphragm.
The two main advantages of log dose-response curves are? 1) Clumping of data points does not occur when the dose or concentration range is large. 2) Graph becomes sigmoid shape with a well defined linear region.
A steep dose response curve suggests... the toxicant is potent (high affinity) targeting crucial cellular processes such as ATP production.
A shallow dose response curve suggests... The toxicant has a low potency and interacts with many targets.
Below the threshold dose shows no biological response
Above the threshold dose is a gradual increase to a maximum
Toxic responses that don't show a threshold dose include: Mutagens and Carcinogens
Created by: 1136203735
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